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Advancements in Cryogenics: Applications and Future Trends at CERN

Learn about the latest in cryogenics technology at CERN, including its use in the Large Hadron Collider and future projects. Explore the importance of cryogenics in physics research and the management of cryogens at CERN.

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Advancements in Cryogenics: Applications and Future Trends at CERN

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  1. ILO Italia, Industrial OpportunitiesDays 6-7 June2019 Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, napoli Cryogenics at CERN La Criogenia al CERN Antonio Perin Leader of the Engineering and Mechanical support Section of the Cryogenics Group (CRG)Technology Department (TE), CERN

  2. Outline • Brief Introduction to Cryogenics • The Accelerators Complex • The Cryogenics Group at CERN • Present & future cryogenic refrigeration capacity • Use of Cryogenics; Cryogenic Plants • Management of Cryogen at CERN • The HL-LHC and FCC cryogenics • Summary

  3. Cryogenics; definition The branch of physics dealing with the production and effects of very low temperatures https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/cryogenics; Oxford Dictionaries All scientific and technological disciplines dealing with cryogenic temperatures below 120K http://dictionary.iifiir.org/search.php; International Dictionary of Refrigeration The 120 K temperature limit making reference to the normal boiling points of the main atmospheric gases Krypton (119.8 K), Methane (111.6 K), Oxygen (90.2 K), Argon (87.3 K), Nitrogen (77.4 K), Neon (27.1 K), Hydrogen (20.3 K), Helium (4.2 K)

  4. CERN: Accelerators Complex

  5. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN

  6. The Large Hadron Collider & Higgs events on ATLAS & CMS detectors

  7. An open view of one of the LHC cryogenic detector (CMS)

  8. The Cryogenics Group Industrial support resources (service contracts): General mechanical, electrical, instrumentation support: 22 FTE Maintenance & Operation (M&O) dedicated service contract: 47 FTE • Cryogenic Laboratory & Instrumentation • Mechanical Engineering • Process Controls & Electrical Engineering • Maintenance Management & Logistics • Operation

  9. Cryogenic power at CERN kW equivalent at 4.5 K Year

  10. Cryogenic power at CERN

  11. Cryogenic Plants at CERN Geneva’s airport

  12. Use of Helium Cryogenics LHC accelerator Cooling at 1.9 K of the superconducting magnets (36’000 t of cold mass) distributed over the 26.7 km underground accelerator LHC physics detectors ATLAS,cooling at 4.5 K of the superconducting magnetic system (1’275 t of cold mass) CMS,cooling at 4.5 K of the superconducting solenoid (225 t of cold mass)

  13. LHC cryogenics availability ( 8 sectors) 95% global availability means 99% per each independent LHC cryogenic sector (8)

  14. Use of Helium Cryogenics • CERN wide helium refrigeration systems for: • Test benches for accelerator magnets, cables and wires, RF cavities • Detectors’ components tests (magnets and sub-detectors) • Large magnetic spectrometers for fixed target physics experiments • Cryogenic laboratory test bench facilities • In situ helium liquefaction for users without dedicated cryogenic plant SM18

  15. Use of Krypton, Argon Cryogenics • In the SPS fixed target experiments, the NA62 liquid krypton calorimeter (10 m3) • In the LHC, the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter in operation (83 m3 volume) • The Neutrino platform cryogenic activities • At CERN (1700 t of liquid argon procured) • Achieving a liquid argon purity better than 100ppt O2equivalent • - WA 105 Dual Phase prototype; b. 182; liquid argon volume 17 m3, operational • - NP02/NP04 : liquid argon single/double phase prototype neutrino detector to be placed in the CERN EHN1 extension; Argon volume 550 m3/600 m3 respectively • At Fermilab (proximity cryogenics from CERN): • - NP01/NP03: former ICARUS detector (600 m3 of liquid argon) to be installed as far detector of the short baseline and the near detector of the short baseline neutrino program (300 m3 of liquid argon)

  16. Management of Cryogen • Total HELIUM inventory at CERN: 170 t • LHC (accelerator & detectors) helium full inventory: 136 t • Additional strategic permanent storage during operation: 20 t • LHC (accelerator & detectors) liquid NITROGEN needs for a full cool down: 11’500 t • (LHC accelerator full cool down: 10’000 t in 33 continuous days; equivalent to 500 standard transportable containers delivered by industrial suppliers) • In situ helium liquefaction for central services (up to 45 t per year) • and distribution by means of mobile containers ranging from 100 to 2’000 liter • (users without dedicated cryogenic plant); average purification 200 ton/year

  17. LHC helium management

  18. Helium Supply at CERN

  19. Nitrogen Supply at CERN

  20. Cryogenics for the HL-LHC project

  21. Cryogenics for the HL-LHC project for physics by means of a technology advancement Cryogenic temperature

  22. Cryogenics for the HL-LHC project • 2 new cryogenic plants (18 kW @ 4.5 K) at P1 and P5 for high-luminosity insertions + infrastructure • Cryogenic distribution underground • 1 new cryogenic plant (4 kW @ 4.5 K) at P4 for RF cryogenic modules; (retained alternative: upgrade of 1 existing LHC cryogenic plant) • 1 new cryogenic plant (0.8 kW @ 4.5 K) as RF cold test facility with LHC beam type at SPS-BA6 (Crab-Cavities program): successfully commissioned, crab cavities at 2 K Overall HL-LHC Cryogenics layout

  23. Cryogenics for the FCC Study 10 cryogenic plants 100 kW @ 4.5 K including 10 kW @ 1.8 K; 6 technical sites; 840 t of helium inventory; cryogenic distribution line • Draft; Preliminary Schedule considerations • 2018 CDR (studies in collaboration with industry) • 2022-2026 TDR (potential applications for industry) • 2026 Strategy update • 2032-2042 Installation and tests FCChh • 2034 LHC removal in view of the HE-LHC • 2035-2040 Installation of HE-LHC (in the existing LHC tunnel)

  24. Cryogenics at CERN main forthcoming procurement Invitation to tender Existing contract Operational

  25. Summary Cryogenics at CERN: since 1960’s for cooling components on accelerators, physics detectors & test facilities Very large spectrum of cryogenic engineering & working conditions (applications and refrigeration capacity @ T K) Implementation & successful operation of “state of the art” industrial cryogenic equipment at the edge of the present technology: The LHC cryogenic system (26.7 km, cooling @1.8 K, 80 ton of He II) Availability to users: Before the LHC era: nearly 590’000 running hours have been cumulated over 15 years with a mean availability rate of 99% The present LHC mean availability is situated around 98%; impressive progress despite the incomparable complexity with the previous era Procurement and management of very important cryogen inventory (helium, argon and nitrogen) Specification, procurement, installation, commissioning, operation & maintenance of new large cryogenic plants

  26. Thank you for your attention Innovation Education CERN Research

  27. Back up slides

  28. Helium & Nitrogen Storage

  29. Helium Storage & Distribution LHC helium storage & distribution (high grade helium ring line, 2 MPa, 27 km long, for LHC operation) [Completing the existing CERN helium recovery system: high grade, 20 MPa, 5 km long and low grade, 3 kPa & 20 MPa, 3 km long each]

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