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Warm up

Warm up. Fill out the book form and place it at the center of your table. Look at the samples in the box on your table. What do you think minerals are? What are some characteristics of minerals? Compare and contrast organic & inorganic. Minerals. Where do we find minerals ?.

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Warm up

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  1. Warm up • Fill out the book form and place it at the center of your table. • Look at the samples in the box on your table. What do you think minerals are? • What are some characteristics of minerals? • Compare and contrast organic & inorganic.

  2. Minerals

  3. Where do we find minerals? • Earth’s crust and oceans • Almost all manufactured products contain material that is obtained from minerals. Common uses: 1) Gemstones 2) Metals 3) Foods 4) Medicines 5) Fertilizers 6) Building materials

  4. Elements– pure substances that cannot be broken down to a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means.Atoms – smallest particle of an element. • All minerals - made of one or more elements. • Some are one element, Ex: sulfur, copper, gold

  5. Minerals – the building blocks of rocks • Occur naturally • Inorganic • Solid • Definite chemical composition • Crystalline structure Must possess 5 specific characteristics:

  6. Occur Naturally • Formed by processes that occur in the natural world. • Not in a laboratory

  7. Inorganic • Was not formed from materials that were once alive. Ex: coal forms naturally in the crust, but is made from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. (Is coal a mineral?)

  8. Solid • Minerals must be solids with a definite shape and volume. • Particles are tightly packed together, unlike a liquid or gas Solid Liquid Gas

  9. Warm up • What is the formula for Density? • How do you find density (all the steps like in 7th grade)? • What are the characteristics all minerals share?

  10. Definite Chemical Composition • Minerals always have certain elements in definite proportions. Quartz – 1 atom Si – 2 atoms O

  11. Definite Crystal Structure • An orderly, three-dimensional geometric form • Atoms arranged in a definite pattern. • Chemical composition and crystalline structure helps determine physical properties Ex: hardness, color, and cleavage.

  12. Identifying Minerals • Approximately 3,800 minerals have been identified • Each mineral has certain characteristic properties that can be used to identity it. • Some of the properties can be observed and others you must conduct a test

  13. Mineral Properties Activity Move with a partner through stations Complete chart Add: Crystal Shape and Gemstone Use book and materials at stations MUST place samples back in their correct boxes!

  14. Mineral Properties Information Sheet

  15. Warm up • Are pearls minerals? Explain. • Is amber a mineral? Explain. • What are 2 mineral properties you learned about yesterday? Describe them.

  16. Two Mineral Groups Minerals are divided into 2 groups based on their composition. Those that contain BOTHsilicon and oxygen: SILICATES Example: Garnet Mg3Al2Si3O12 Those that don’t contain silicon and oxygen: NONSILICATES

  17. One of the most common minerals on the Earth is… What is the chemical formula for quartz? Is Quartz a SILICATE or NONSILICATE? Why????? SiO2 quartz

  18. The Nonsilicates: • Native elements- only 1 element • Carbonates- contains C & O • Halides- contains F, Cl, I or Br combined with Na, K or Ca • Oxides- O with only 1 other element • Sulfides- S with only 1 other element • Sulfates- contains an SO4 group

  19. Mineral Properties Activity Move with a partner through stations Complete chart Add: Crystal Shape and Gemstone Use book and materials at stations MUST place samples back in their correct boxes!

  20. Now… What group? Gypsum CaSO4*2H20 Calcite CaCO3 Pyrite FeS Corundum Al2O3 Halite NaCl =Sulfate =Carbonate =Sulfide =Oxide =Halide

  21. Warm up • Which is more reliable, color or streak? Explain. • How do you determine the hardness of a mineral? • Look at the scale below. If your mineral scratches feldspar, but is scratched by topaz, what is its hardness? Moh’s Hardness Scale Talc 4. Fluorite 7. Quartz 10. Diamond Gypsum 5. Apatite 8. Topaz Calcite 6. Feldspar 9. Corundum

  22. Now… What group? Galena PbS Hematite Fe2O3 Flourite CaF2 Gold Au Garnet Mg3Al2Si3O12 =Sulfide =Oxide =Halide =Native element =Silicate

  23. Mineral Webquest With your partner: Get a laptop Login and find the webquest site Complete the activity If you finish early, work on choice or review assignments

  24. Exit: What is 1 thing about minerals that confuses you? What is 1 thing you would like to review before the quiz tomorrow?

  25. Warm up • What are some properties that minerals have? • If a mineral can be scratched by your fingernail, what does that mean about its hardness? • What makes something a mineral?

  26. Warm up • Take out your WEBQUEST • What does trust mean to you? Respect? • How do these look and feel in a classroom? • How do we keep them in our classroom?

  27. Mineral Quiz All answers on the answer sheet Grade your quiz with Mrs. Lock Fix any errors before you move on Begin the Mineral Identification Pre-Lab when finished

  28. Warm up • What are some things you could do or need to know to determine the identity of an unknown mineral? • How do you test mineral hardness? • What is a dichotomous key? How do you use one?

  29. FIX… Rock Quiz: 9/21 (Wednesday) Mineral and Rock TEST: 9/27 (Tuesday) Mineral Conferences: By the end of this week

  30. Mineral Identification Work with your partner; Use the identification Key and your test kit Identify and check _____ minerals You get 3 chances for each; DO NOT TEST FOR TASTE Work on lab when finished identifying

  31. Warm up • What is the first thing you need to determine to find the identity of a mineral? • What is an ore? • How do we find/get ores?

  32. Ore—A naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be extracted for profit Mining—the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth

  33. Mine Types – Surface/Subsurface

  34. Mine Reclamation Restoring land that has been mined to a natural or economically usable purpose **Required by law!

  35. Mine Reclamation (Golf Course)

  36. Mine Reclamation (Air Field)

  37. Mineral Identification Finish identifying minerals DO NOT TEST FOR TASTE Work on lab questions and conclusion Due at end of class or for homework! Find a mining article and read it CONFERENCE with Mrs. Lock

  38. Luster – How light is reflected off the minerals surface Feldspar – non metallic a) Metallic - reflects light b) Nonmetallic - doesn’t reflect light • Dull • Silky • Waxy or soapy • Glassy Galena - metallic

  39. Cleavage and Fracture – The way a mineral breaks apart. • Minerals break apart where the bonds between layers of atoms are the weakest. • Cleavage - breakage along smooth flat surfaces • Fracture - breaks apart in an irregular way, creating a jagged and rough surface Calcite - cleavage Quartz - fracture

  40. Streak-The color of a mineral’s powder • Found by Rubbing it against a piece of unglazed porcelain tile. • The color of a mineral’s streak does not change, even when • the color of the mineral changes. Gypsum – white streak

  41. Hardness - the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched • Most useful property to ID minerals talc gypsum corundum

  42. Density – Each mineral has a specific density • Density of a mineral is always the same • D= M/V (Density = Mass/Volume) • To test the density of a rock; weigh the rock; fill a beaker with water and measure the volume; place rock in the water and measure the new volume; calculate the difference in volume; divide the mass of the rock by the difference in volume, which is the rocks volume, to find the density.

  43. Fizzing • Some minerals react chemically with acids Calcite – fizzes from HCL

  44. Color: is easily observed, but only a few minerals have a characteristic color. Weather, radiation and pollution can change the color of most minerals.

  45. Fluorescence – Some minerals glow under UV light Hannes Grobe (Hgrobe 06:16, 26 April 2006 (UTC))

  46. Smell • Some minerals have a distinctive smell EX: Sulfur – rotten eggs

  47. Magnetism • A few minerals are naturally magnetic Magnetite is magnetic

  48. Mirny, Russia • FRIDAY FACT: The biggest open diamond mine in the world 525 m deep (almost 6 football fields deep), 1200 meter diameter The air zone within this mine is closed for helicopters due to the vortex above the mine

  49. EkatiDiamond Mine in Canada

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