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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Understand the intricacies of zero, first, second, and third conditional sentences in English grammar. Learn about the variations, mixed conditionals, and different verb forms used in these sentence structures. Improve your language skills with clear examples and explanations.

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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

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  1. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

  2. DEFINITION • IF Clause (a condition) + MainClause (a result). If s/he doesn’tcall me, I won’ttalktoher/himagain. I won’ttalktoher/himagainif s/he doesn’tcall me. • Position of the “IfClause”: It can gofirstor at theend of thesentence; butifitgoesfirst, it’sfollowedby a comma.

  3. ZERO CONDITIONAL • Thezeroconditionaltalksaboutanevent/situationthatis a general truth/fact. • If/whenhavethesamemeaning in thissentence. . • Ifhumanbeingsdon’tdrink, they die. • If + subject + present simple, subject + present simple. • Togiveorders and advice. (Imperative) • Ifyouwantto lose weight, goon a diet.

  4. FIRT CONDITIONAL • Thefirstconditionaltalksabout a posible futureresult. Itreferstothefuture. • If I have time, I’llcook a paella. • If + subject + present s., subject + will (on’t) + infinitive You can use mightinstead of will in themainclauseto mean “willperhaps”.

  5. SECOND CONDITIONAL • Thesecondconditionalpresentsanimaginarysituation in thepresentorfuture. Whenitreferstothefuturethedifferencewiththefirstoneisthattheconditionislesslikelyto come true. • If I had time, I wouldcook a paella. • If + subject + past s. , subject + would (n’t)+ infinitive • Thepast s. referstoanhypotheticalsituation. • CouldorMight can beusedinstead of would.

  6. THIRD CONDITIONAL • We use thistypetotalkabouthypotheticalsituation in thepast. It’stheonlyonethatreferstothepast. Sincethepastcan’tbechangeditreferstoanunrealsituation in thepast. • If I hadhad time, I wouldhavecooked a paella. • If + subject + pastpresent, subject + would(n’t) + have + pastparticiple. • Could (wouldbepossible) and might (wouldperhaps) can beused in themainclause.

  7. VARIATIONS • We can use a variety of verbforms, notonlytheones in thefourbasicconditinals: • Ifyouwantto lose weight, youshouldgoon a diet. • Ifyouare goingtocooka paella, youneedtobuytheingredients. (futureintention) • Iftheywerestudyingmore, theywouldpasstheexam. (toemphasizetheprogress of theaction) • Iftheyhadbeenstudyingmore, theywouldhavepassedtheexam (action in progress)

  8. MIXED CONDITIONAL: THIRD/SECOND (PAST - PRESENT) • In mixedconditionalstheifclause and themainclausesometimesreferto a different time period. • If I hadsavedsomemoney, I wouldn’tbebrokenow.

  9. MIXED CONDITIONAL:SECOND/THIRD (PRESENT-PAST) • If I wereyourteacher, I wouldhavemadeyou prepare a presentationeveryweek. • Theifclauserefersto a situation in thepresent and themainclausetotheconsecuences in thepast.

  10. MIXED CONDITIONAL:SECOND/THIRD (FUTURE-PAST) • If I weren’ttakenanexamnextweek, Iwouldhavegoneto Portugal with my friends. • Theifclauserefersto a situation in thefutureand themainclausetotheconsecuences in thepast.

  11. MIXED CONDITIONAL:SECOND/THIRD (PAST-FUTURE) • Ifyouhadn’tspentmoneylikewater, youwould come totheStateswith me nextmonth. • Theifclauserefersto a situation in thepast and themainclausetotheconsecuences in thefuture.

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