Unit 5

1. Unit 5 Part I Discourse Focus Part II Reading Selection Part III Nonprose Reading Part IV Comprehensive Reading

2. Part One Discourse Focus：Predication

3. Reading Skills Exercises • Skimming • Scanning • Reading for Thorough Comprehension • Critical Reading

4. Prediction • Reading is an active process. Meaning does not exist only on the page or in the mind of the reader. It is created by an active interaction between reader and text. • This exercise is designed to give us practice in the process of consciously developing and confirming expectations. • We will read an article, stopping at several points to consider what we expect to read about next. Readers cannot always predict precisely what an author will talk about next, but we can practice using clues from the text and our general knowledge to more efficiently predict content.

5. 1. Above are the title, the subtitle, and an inset from an article on calculus the basis of these, what aspect of calculus do you think the article might be about? List two possibilities. Examples • Based on this information in the text we might have decided that the article would be about such things as current problems with calculus instruction and about proposals for improving instruction. • If we have personal knowledge of calculus instruction, we may have some more specific ideas about the kinds of problems and solutions that might be mentioned.

6. Does the author seem to think that calculus instruction is successful or unsuccessful at the present time? What words give you this impression? Examples • Obviously the author has a negative opinion of calculus instruction. He refers to it as troubledin the main title and indicates a need to revitalize(to give new life to) it in the subtitle. The inset describes a large lecture hall, with bored students and heavy books: the opposite of a lively situation.

7. Before you continue your reading, choose one of the following that fill your expectation. 3 a. The author will describe traditional ways of teaching calculus. b. The author will describe math instruction in general. c. The author will describe new ways to teach calculus. d. The author will describe the general state of calculus instruction.

8. 3 Please note that there is no single correct responses to the items in this exercise. We should work interactively: interacting with each other and the text in order to form predication, then read to see if these are confirmed. While there is no single correct answer, a and d are the most likely. The inset suggests that the author will begin by reviewing the current troubled state of calculus instruction.

9. 4. The article appears to be critical of current teaching practices. Is this what you expected? 4-5 • 5. Did you expect the article to begin with a general description of calculus instruction? A personal response is required.

10. 6. What do you expect to read about next? What words or phrases point in this direction? What do you know about calculus and schools in general that would lead you to predict this? 6

11. Paragraph Developing General (first Para) Specific (second Para)

12. 6. What do you expect to read about next? What words or phrases point in this direction? What do you know about calculus and schools in general that would lead you to predict this? 6 This paragraph presents calculus instruction in a negative light: calculus is described as a barrier; students have no choice but to take it; calculus brings back painful memories. This very general introductory description might lead us to expect that the author will go on to describe specific aspects of the current state of calculus instruction.

13. 7. Were your expectations confirmed? If not, why not? Did you misunderstand something in the previous section? Do you think your expectations were valid? Would they provide a better outline for the author than the one he used? 7 This question is intended for discussion.

14. 8. At this point, the author has summarized his criticisms of the teaching of calculus. What do you think he will say next? 8 We might expect that suggestions for change will follow.

15. 9. Were your expectations confirmed in these two paragraphs? 9 This question requires a personal response.

16. 10. What do you think the author will do next? What aspects of the text and your general knowledge help you to create this prediction? 10 This question intends for discussion.

17. 11. Were your predictions confirmed? 11 This question requires a personal response.

18. 12. What other kinds of problems and solutions do you predict are discussed in the final sections of this article? Be prepared to defend your predictions. 12 The rest of the article discusses suggestions for change and issues involved in implementing that change. Suggestions for change include utilizing the potential of handheld calculators to eliminate routine problems, thus concentrating on the central ideas of calculus. Other suggestions are to reinforce the important role of approximation and to streamline course by eliminating much specialized material. In terms of implementation, issues discussed are the need for change in high school math curricula, for new textbooks, and for smaller university calculus classes.

19. Part Two Reading Selections: Magazine Article

20. Text A Why We Laugh • Before You Begin • Why do people laugh? Do people laugh for different reasons? • 2. Are there cultural differences that affect when and why people laugh? • 3. Do you find jokes in English funny?

21. Exercise 1 1. __ We laugh as a release for our normally repressed drives. 2. __ Laughter strengthens social bonds. 3. __ We laugh to express mastery, over anxiety. 4. __ We laugh to release energy after a crisis. 5. __ We laugh at jokes of which we are the target. 6. __ We never laugh when we are alone because we require company to laugh. 7. __ We laugh immediately at birth. T T T T F F F

22. Exercise 1 8. __ We sometimes laugh in times of sorrow. 9. __ We sometimes laugh when nothing is funny. 10. __ The ability to laugh takes a lifetime to perfect. 11. __ We laugh to break tension. 12. __ Laughter is an unpleasant physical sensation. 13. __ A sense of humor is a result of the mastery of human relationships. 14. __ We always laugh when we understand a joke. T T T T F T F

23. Exercise 2 3/4 1. __ A newlywed couple laughs after they give their first successful dinner party. 2. __ People who survive an emergency plane landing intersperse their story with laughter. 3. __ We laugh before delivering a speech. 4. __ We sometimes laugh at a funeral or when we hear bad news. 5. __ We laugh at a sexual joke. 6. __ Married couples laugh through hard periods of social adjustment. 4 12 8 1 2

24. Critical reading---exercise 1 • Henri Bergson • 2. Martin Grotjahn • 3. Jacob Levine • 4. Plato essayist psychiatrist Professor of psychology philosopher

25. Critical reading-exercise 2 • We laugh as a release for our normally repressed drives. • Laughter strengthens social bonds. • We laugh to release energy after a crisis. • A sense of humor is a result of the mastery of human relationships. • We sometimes laugh when nothing is funny. • Laughter is a pleasurable physical sensation. Freud author author Grotjahn author author

26. Discussion and compositon • 1. Tell a joke that you enjoy. How was your joke received? Are there ideas from the article that explain your classmates' reactions? • 2. This article discusses situations that bring about laughter in the United States. Which situations given are similar to those in your community or your country? Which are different? Which elements of laughter do you think are the same for all people?

27. Vocabulary from Context---Exercise 1 • anxiety • To resent • conscious • tension • To disguise • Worry, nervousness, tension • To feel displeasure, to feel injured • Aware, know what one is doing • Nervousness, anxiety • To hide, to cover up

28. Vocabulary from Context---Exercise 1 • Butt • Crucial • To suppress • Repress • Drive • Discharge • The object of joking or criticism • of extreme importance, critical • To keep from appearing or being known. • To prevent unconscious ideas from reaching the level of consciousness • Basic impulse or urge, desire • To release, to get rid of to emit

29. Vocabulary from Context---Exercise 1 • trigger • cue • crisis • integral • To initiate an action • A stimulus that triggers a behavior • An emergency • Essential, basic,

30. Exercise 2 • intersperse: • averts • 2. Inhibit • 3. Foibles • 4. Ogle • dowdy To put among things, to interrupt To avoid, to miss To suppress, to hide Weakness, fault To keep looking at with fondness or desire Not neat or fashionable

31. Exercise 2 • Two of the words in each line below are similar or related in meaning. Circle the word that does not belong. • cue butt target • 2. inhibit suppress trigger • 3. resent release discharge • 4. crucial conscious integral • 5. aggression repression suppression ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

32. Text B Family Narrative • Before You Begin • Have you ever wished you looked different or belonged to a different culture? Have you ever felt rejected because of who you are or who your family is? • 2. Do you remember a time when you were embarrassed by your family? When you wished your family were more like the families of your friends?

33. Exercise 1 1. T / F Amy wished she looked less Chinese. 2. T / F Amy invited Robert to dinner. 3. T / F Amy helped her mother plan the menu for the dinner. 4. T / F Amy was excited to show Robert some things about Chinese culture. 5. T / F Amy was embarrassed by the dinner. 6. T / F Amy likes Chinese food. T F F F T T

34. Exercise 1 7. T / F Amy talked to Robert a lot during the Christmas dinner. 8. T / F Robert enjoyed the dinner. 9. T / F The way to show appreciation for a fine meal is different in the U.S. and China. 10. T / F The minister tried to compliment the cook. 11. T / F Amy's mother didn't want her to dress like a typical American girl. 12. T / F Amy~ mother didn't know how Amy felt at the dinner. F F T T F F

35. Discussion and Composition • Open for discussion!

36. Part Three: Nonprose reading: Questionnaire In this part, we will complete a questionnarire!

37. Before You Begin • What activities are you good at? What do you enjoy doing? • 2. What do you struggle with? What are the things that you do not enjoy doing? • 3. How intelligent are you? • 4. Have you ever considered that the answer to question 3 is related to the answers to questions 1 and 2? How could this be?

38. Exercise 1 Respond to each statement, indicating the extent to which you think it represents your way of thinking and problem solving, and then continue with the activities. After you finish the questionnaire, enter your scores in the appropriate cells of the table on Page 107

39. Exercise 3 Can you think of other activities that would be helpful? Open for discussion!!!

40. Part Four: Comprehensive Reading Part Four： Comprehensive Reading

41. Part Four: Comprehensive Reading Vocabulary Self-timer n. 自拍装置 anonymous adj. 无名的 self-portrait n.自拍照 flaw n.缺点 budding adj. 萌芽的 consultant n. 顾问 narcissism n.自恋 gratification n. 满意 therapist n. 治疗专家 doctor v.修改，修饰 introverted adj. 内向的 pucker up 撅起

42. Part Four: Comprehensive Reading Translation • A budding era of narcissism • Reflect the real person’s physical flaws • Everyone is a narcissist, to varying degrees. • Feel less anonymous • Flattering self-portrait 自恋的萌芽时期 反映真人的真实缺陷 每个人都在不同程度上自恋。 感觉不那么默默无闻 比本人更美的自画像

43. Part Four: Comprehensive Reading Translation • 流行手势 • 时髦服饰 • 撅起嘴 • 获得称赞 • 竖起大拇指 Popular gesture Stylish dress Pucker up one’s lips Attain praise Turn up one’s thumb

44. Part Four: Comprehensive Reading Questions • 1. Why do millions of young Chinese post their self-portraits online? • 2. How to make your eyes look bigger in a photo? • 3. Will you doctor the self-portraits to erase the bad bits before you post them? • Why?

45. Part Four: Comprehensive Reading Suggested answers • Because we all want to exhibit our true and best side to others, to attain praise, acceptance and recognition. 2. Hold the camera over your head and look up. This not only widens your eyes, but also gives you a pointed chin. 3. open.

46. Thank you for your attention！