The French and Indian War

1. The French and Indian War (Seven Years War)

2. Cause of French & Indian War Study the map and describe one cause of the French and Indian War?

3. Population and Economic Push Causes of French & Indian War From the Diagram, list two causes of the French and Indian War?

4. The French and Indian Wars are Combination of Wars • The Seven Years War • King William's War • Queen Anne’s War • King George’s War • The French and Indian War Remember, rivalries in Europe always spill over into the Colonies.

5. General Braddock to the Rescue Mission: To rid the Ohio Valley of the French Invaders. Strength: 1400 British Regulars; smaller number of Colonial Militia

7. Braddock “halted to level every mole hill and to erect bridges over every brook by which means we were four days getting twelve miles” (Washington) Braddock’s Dilemma: Tried to fight a European style war in the wilderness of Pennsylvania.

11. Braddock’s force is routed and retreats in disarray. During the battle on July 9th Braddock is mortally wounded. Braddock dies and is buried in the middle of the road he built and the remainder of his army marches over him to hide the grave from the French and their allies.

12. Braddock's Misson • Failed to secure Ft. Duquesne. • Suffered over 1000 Casualties, including himself. • Washington to the rescue again.

13. Britain Declares War on France • Alliance with Prussia. • Prussia v France and its Allies in Europe. • Britain fought France in the Caribbean, India, and North America. • British suffer many losses in the early years of the war: Settlements are attacked; lose forts on Lake Ontario and Lake George.

14. Question: What does it take to fight a war? Beans & Bullets Men & Equipment

15. 1754  Albany Plan of Union Ben Franklin  representatives from New England, NY, MD, PA • Albany Congress failed Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened to trade with the French.

16. William Pitt The right man, at the right time, and in the right place can make all the difference. • Secretary of State • Prime Minister • Military Logistician • Excellent Judge of Military Commanders • Global Thinker

18. Peace Treaty of Paris • England Receives Canada • French Lands East of the Mississippi • Florida From Spain • Spain Receives Lands West of Mississippi and New Orleans • France allowed to keep Sugar Producing Islands in the Caribbean.

19. North America in 1763

20. 1763  Treaty of Paris France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River. Spain -->got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England. England -->got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India.

21. Effects of the War on Britain? 1. It increased her colonial empire in the Americas. 2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt. 3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings. Therefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of her American Empire was necessary!

22. Peace Treaties Lead to War • Question: Who is especially unhappy about the French loss? • The Native Americans. • British Trappers and Settlers refuse to pay Native Americans for the use of the land. • Chief Pontiac puts together a Native American Alliance and strikes back at the British. • Pontiac fails to capture key terrain. • Pontiac’s War ends in 1765.

23. Cause of the American Revolution Pitt decides to fund the war through the British Treasury and through loans. This relieves the American colonists from fronting the bill for the war. However, after the war is over, Britain must settle its debts and pay for a standing army in America. In order to do this they decide to have the colonists bear some of the burden for their own defense.

24. Cause of the American Revolution • The Proclamation of 1763 • Proclaimed that land west of the Appalachian Mountains temporarily off limits to settlements. • British Halt Westward Expansion to minimize costs in maintaining a military force to secure the Frontier. • Colonists upset. Especially those who had bought shares in companies or bought land in the newly captured territories. • However, this does create a fragile peace between the British and the Native Americans.