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Science web site marine.rutgers/cool

Studying Biogeochemical Processes on the Mid-Atlantic Continental Shelf Using an Ocean Observatory. Oscar Schofield, Scott Glenn, and Robert Chant Rutgers University’s Coastal Ocean Observation Lab (RU COOL). Science web site http://marine.rutgers.edu/cool. Operational web site

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Science web site marine.rutgers/cool

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  1. Studying Biogeochemical Processes on the Mid-Atlantic Continental Shelf Using anOcean Observatory Oscar Schofield, Scott Glenn, and Robert Chant Rutgers University’s Coastal Ocean Observation Lab (RU COOL) Science web site http://marine.rutgers.edu/cool Operational web site http://www.thecoolroom.org Educational web site http://www.coolclassroom.org

  2. Atmospheric Model Observation Network (Satellites, Ships, Moorings, Meteorology) Error Model Data Assimilation 3-Dimensional Nowcast Hydrodynamic & Bio-Optical Ecosystem Model Initial & Boundary Conditions Adaptive Sampling Feedback Forecast What is the Science Observatory?

  3. 30 X 30 km LEO CPSE Each July, 1998-2001

  4. Atmosphere/Ocean Physical/Biological Forecast Models Operational Low-Res COAMPS Atmospheric Model Experimental High-Res RAMS Atmospheric Model Air-Sea Interaction Model ROMs Assimilation ROMS Ocean Model (KPP and MY 2.5 Turbulent Closure) MODAS Assimilation Bottom Boundary Layer Model

  5. 2001 Real-time Ensemble Forecasts

  6. Real-Time Ensemble Validation HR COAMPS / ROMS Thermistor 2 4 6 8 10 12 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 2 4 6 8 10 12 KPP Depth (m) Depth (m) 18 19 20 21 July, 2001 21 18 19 20 July, 2001 2 4 6 8 10 12 • In an observationally rich • environment, ensemble forecasts • can be compared to real-time data • to assess which model is closer to reality • and try to understand why. Depth (m) MY2.5 18 19 20 21 July, 2001

  7. Forecast brief for ship crews

  8. Surface and Bottom Floats

  9. Adaptive sampling from ships And AUVs, A multi-AUV capability that are small enough to be deployed with no A-frame

  10. 12 m 15 m 20 m 25 m 30 m 35 m 40 m 50 m 100 m 500 m 1000m 2500m Hypoxia/Anoxia & Bottom Bathymetry Warsh – NOAA 1989

  11. observed modeled Temp (oC) 10.8 12.2 13.6 15.0 16.4 17.8 19.2 20.6 22.0 23.4 24.8 8/93 CTD Transect modeled observed wind coDAR & SST – 7/98 1 m s-1 LEO delta Barnegat delta North Cape May delta From Song et al. 2001, JGR

  12. 25 A) Area Days 60 20 15 1 3 5 7 9 12 40 Tidal cycle 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Days of Upwelling 10 Total Upwelling Area (100 x km2) 20 5 0 0 2500 8 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Inshore Offshore Upwelling Absorption at 440 nm (m-1) Depth (m) 2000 6 4 1500 3 4 Variance of SST Bottom O2 Variance (mmol kg-1) 1000 beam c (m-1) 2 2 500 n=113 r2=0.852 y = 3.19±0.12x + 0.431±0.04 1 0 12 24 36 48 60 Time (hr) 0 0 0 J F M A M J J A S O N D Month 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 POC (mg L-1) Upwelling can account for the historical patterns of hypoxia along the NJ shore Glenn et al. Biogeochemistry of Upwelling in Mid-Atlantic Bight JGR submitted Chang et al. JGR 10.1029/2001JC001018.

  13. Regional-scale Observatories Process Studies Where do we go from here? Science Observatory transition to Operational Observatory Satellites CODAR Node/Moorings Ships/AUVs Gliders Sustained 2001 Integrated

  14. Does this science observatory serve people other then scientists? YES!!!! And it should!

  15. Data Type Other 14% NODES 13% CODAR 17% MET 17% Gulf Stream 10% LEO 6% Non-profit (7%) Rutgers Web Site Statistics Users By Hour SST 53% Education (6%) 8000 East Coast 19% June General Public 69% 7000 Military & Government (4%) July 6000 August NYB 37% 5000 Average Hourly Hits September 4000 October 3000 November 2000 December MAB 28% 1000 January 0 0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 Region 15:00 12:00 21:00 18:00 COOL Web Site Statistics

  16. NEOS: The North East Observing System since the Year 2000 EXISTING SUB-REGIONAL OBSERVING SYSTEMS

  17. X-Band Earth Observing Satellites EOS (MODIS) USA 2001 NEMO (COIS) USA 2004 Orbview-2 (SeaWiFS)USA Op HY-1 (COCTS/CZI)China 2002 FY1-C (MVISR) China Op. FY1-D (MVISR) China 2002 IRS-P3 (MOS) India Op. IRS-P4 (OCM) India Op. ADEOS-2 Japan 2002 (GLI/POLDER) ENVISAT(MERIS)Europe 2002 International Constellation of Ocean Color Satellites

  18. 1998 1999 2000 2001

  19. Northeaster Oct 16, 2002 NJSOS LEO 15

  20. Spatial Maps 10/16/2002 0700 GMT RUC Wind and Pressure Analysis CODAR Surface Currents 1002 mb Contour resolution – 1 mb

  21. RUC Wind and Pressure Analysis CODAR Surface Currents L L 10/16/2002 1500 GMT 991 mb Contour resolution – 1 mb

  22. RUC Wind and Pressure Analysis CODAR Surface Currents L L 10/16/2002 1800 GMT 989 mb Contour resolution – 1 mb

  23. RUC Wind and Pressure Analysis CODAR Surface Currents L L 10/17/2002 0000 GMT 992 mb Contour resolution – 1 mb

  24. Multistatic CODAR Networks • Each receiver listens to multiple transmitters • N Radars provide N2 looks • Additional bistatic transmitters on buoys • Current Mapping • Search and Rescue • Oil Spill Response • Contaminant Dispersal • Marine Transportation • Storm/Hurricane Response • Vessel Tracking • Port Security • Homeland Security & Defense • Drug Enforcement • Downrange clearance • Rocket/missile launches NEOS OPERATIONAL PRODUCTS REGIONAL DUAL-USE CODAR HF RADAR NETWORK Solid Lines Are GPS Track; Points Are Radar Track

  25. Current operational prediction CODAR based prediction CODE drifter Model Validation Search & Rescue SAMPLE NEOS OPERATIONAL PRODUCTS REGIONAL OCEAN FORECASTING • Model Validation/Assimilation • (Coast Guard Search & Rescue) Forecast Product Distribution Observing System Simulation Experiments Users include Navy METOC, And NOAA NWS

  26. 22:30 GMT • Seabreeze Observations: • Seabreeze fronts concentrate airborne particles (e.g., pollen, bugs) • Seabreeze fronts observed in NOAA Weather Radar to penetrate rapidly inland • Seabreeze front is location of strong temperature gradients and potential severe weather • Seabreeze development tied to sea surface temperatures, that are affected by coastal upwelling/downwelling • Impacts: • Load forecasting for power companies • scheduling of cleaner generation plants • distribution through limited power grid • Design studies for local renewable energy sources • minimize impact on distribution grid • provide peak power during peak demand • Pollen distributions for human respiratory health • surrogate for biological/chemical weapon dispersal SAMPLE NEOS OPERATIONAL PRODUCTS HIGH RESOLUTION COASTAL ATMOSPHERIC FORECAST

  27. ORION WORKSHOP Jan. 4-8 2004 Puerto Rico Workshop for iterating on the science needs of the NSF ocean observatories for 2006 infrastructure investment Seeking international observatory scientist participation!! http://coreocean.org/deos oscar@imcs.rutgers.edu Conclusions • Ocean Observatories provide a means to collect scientific quality spatial time series anchored by satellites, radars, moorings, and AUVs. • The coupled modeled-observation networks allow for adaptive sampling where real-time data allows for model improvement. • The regional observatory will provide science studies (extreme weather, biogeochemistry, fisheries) and operational products (sea breeze prediction, current & ship tracking, ocean forecasting)

  28. Bottom Stress Sediment Transport WEATHER PREDICTION AND EXTREME EVENTS: NEOS will provide the regional time series data to improve coupled atmosphere/ocean forecasts by providing enhanced observational data for improved model parameterizations and assimilation Process Studies Coupled Behavior “Known” Space Improved Forecasts & Interpretation Unexplored Territory Improved Model Physics Regional Context Observations Assimilation Coupled Models SOME NEOS SCIENCE FOCUSES

  29. CO2 Fe Wind N2 S Irradiance Mixing processes Phytoplankton Regenerated Nutrients New Nutrients rivers Zooplankton Sinkage & Senescence Mixed Layer Depth Higher Trophic Levels Continental shelf Particle Dynamics Mixed Layer Depth Continental slope Elemental Flux Carbon Fe N2 Water column depth SAMPLE NEOS SCIENCE ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE NEOS will provide regional time series data for the flux of material from land to the continental slope, allowing scientists to assess the impact of continental shelves. This will document changes occurring in coastal ecosystems and biogeochemistry. A total carbon budget will include the transport from the land, transport across the shelf break, water-sediment transport, air sea exchange, internal transformations and lateral transport. Variability is caused by seasonal extremes, climate, and episodic events. Net CO2 flux (Takahashi et al 1995)

  30. FISHERY MANAGEMENT NEOS regional environmental data that will provide context for shipboard surveys, and insight into community distributions and dynamics. SAMPLE NEOS SCIENCE

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