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Objectives :. Explain how new weapons made fighting the Civil War more dangerous. Describe the course of the war in the East in 1862. Describe the early days of the war in the West and at sea. Chapter 15 Section 2: Early Years of the War.
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Objectives: • Explain how new weapons made fighting the Civil War more dangerous. • Describe the course of the war in the East in 1862. • Describe the early days of the war in the West and at sea.
Chapter 15 Section 2: Early Years of the War Learning Target: I can describe the effects of new technology on Civil War combat.
Warm Up Questions: What is a border state? Which army had the ability to give their troops more supplies? Why did the North set up a blockade of the South’s coast? (pg. 515)
Terms and People: • ironclad – warships covered with protective iron plates • casualty – a person killed, missing, or wounded in action • George McClellan – very organized but cautious Union General • Ulysses S. Grant – Union General who was very successful in the West
How did both sides in the war try to gain an advantage over the other? After the First Battle of Bull Run, both the North and the South knew a difficult struggle lay ahead. Both sides searched to find the leaders and the strategies that would ensure victory.
New Technology New technology made the Civil War deadlier than any previous war. New rifles and cannonswere faster to load, more accurate, and had better range. Thousand of soldiers diedby following orders to cross open fields against these new weapons. Generals on both sides were slow to adapt to the new technologies.
Both sides also used warships covered with protective iron plates, called ironclads. Confederates used ironclads against Union blockades, while Union ironclads helped gain control of the Mississippi.
After the Union defeat at Bull Run, President Lincoln placed GeneralGeorge McClellan in command. McClellan trained his troops for seven months. Lincoln was frustrated by the delay. McClellan finally moved toward Richmond in March 1862, but he paused again to ask for reinforcements.
McClellan’s delay gave the Confederates time to prepare. In May 1862, Confederate troops stopped McClellan’s advance near Richmond. Although Union soldiers had been better trained, they were forced to retreat.
Both sides responded to the Confederate victory at Richmond. McClellan discovered Lee’s plan. He also learned that Lee’s army was split into two parts. Lee decided to invade the North. He hoped a victory there would gain him support in Europe.
Think Back: Lee’s plan to win a battle in the North to gain the support of European countries can be compared to strategy used during what other conflict that we have studied?
Battle of AntietamMcClellan attacked the larger part of Lee’s army. Both sides suffered huge casualties. Lee’s troops retreated. Lincoln was upset that McClellan did not pursue Lee.
The Battle of Antietamwas the bloodiest day of the Civil War for both Union and Confederate troops.
Why could the Union Army accept higher casualty rates then the Confederate Army?
Ulysses S. Grant Meanwhile, Union armies in the West went on the attack under the command of Ulysses S. Grant. Grant and McClellan were very different. McClellan was cautiousand wore carefully fitted uniforms. Grant wore rumpled clothes, was aggressive and took chances.
Union forces made major advances in western land and naval battles in 1862. They took control of most of the Mississippi River. Grant’s army then marched toward a railroad center at Corinth.
Before Grant could reach Corinth, he was attacked by Confederate forces in Shiloh.
The Battle of Shilohwas costly yet important for both sides. The Southsuffered nearly 11,000 casualties. The Northlost more than 13,000 soldiers. Union forces gained control of western Tennesseeand part of the Mississippi River.
New Orleans Two weeks later, a Union fleet led by David Farragut captured New Orleans, Louisiana. By the summer of 1862, Union forces had gained control of the entire Mississippi River. The Union hoped that its great progress in the West would be enough to win the war.
Closing Questions: Identify two new technologies used in the Civil War. How did new military technology affect Civil War combat? Why did the North set military objectives to seize the Mississippi River? What were some characteristics of Grant as a commanding officer?
Section Review QuickTake Quiz Know It, Show It Quiz
