unit1

1. unit1 Ⅰ. Proverb Ⅱ. Objectives Ⅲ. Background knowledge Ⅳ. Presentation

2. Part12345 PartⅠ Listening & Speaking PartⅡ Reading PartⅢ Grammar PartⅣ Translation PartⅤ Writing

3. Preview The key to happiness is not to get more, but to enjoy what we have and to fill the empty frame of our lives instead of enlarging it. ~ Albert Szent Gyorgyi No man is a failure who enjoys life. ~ William Feather

4. 1. talk about entertainment. use the words and expressions as well as the useful sentence structures in the two texts and scan a passage to locate specific information. 2. 4. 5. use some skills on translating adverbial sentences. write telephone messages. use several forms to show emphasis in grammar. 3. Objectives After studying this unit, the students are expected to be able to

5. Bgklg2fz Jazz Music Country Music

6. Bgklg2qz1 The music called Jazz was born sometime around 1895 in New Orleans. Traits carried from west African black folk music developed in the Americans, joined with European popular and light classical music of the late 18th and 19th centuries became the syncopated (切分音乐的) rhythms of Ragtime（繁音拍子；多切分节奏的一种早期爵士乐）, marching band music and Blues. Jazz and Blues are among Americans greatest cultural achievements and exports to the world community giving powerful voice to the American experience. Born of a multi-hued (形形色色的) society, Jazz unites people across the divides of race, region and national boundaries and has always made powerful statements about freedom, creativity and American identity at home and abroad. Jazz is not the result of choosing a tune, but an ideal that is created first in the mind, inspired by one ’s passion, and willed next in playing music. Jazz expression draws from life experience and human emotion as the inspiration of the creative force.

7. Bgklg2qz2 What differentiated (差别的) Jazz from these earlier styles was the widespread use of improvisation (即兴创作，即兴演说), often by more than one player at a time. Jazz represented a break from Western musical traditions, where the composer wrote a piece of music on paper and the musicians then tried their best to play exactly what was in the score. In a Jazz piece, the song is often just a starting point or frame of reference for the musicians to improvise around. The song might have been a popular ditty or blues that they didn’t compose, but by the time they were finished with it they had composed a new piece that often bore little resemblance to the original song. Many of these virtuoso (艺术爱好者的，鉴赏家的) musicians were not good sighted readers and some could not read music at all, nevertheless their playing thrilled (刺激的，毛骨悚然的) audiences and the spontaneous (自发的，本能的) music they created captured a joy and sense of adventure that was an exciting and radical departure from the music of that time.

8. Bgklg2qz3 The first Jazz was played by African-American and Creole musicians in New Orleans. The cornet player, Buddy Bolden is generally considered to be the first real Jazz musician. Other early players included Freddie Keppard, Bunk Johnson and Clarence Williams. Although these musicians’ names are unknown to most people, then and now, their ideas are still being elaborated on to this day. Most of these men could not make a living with their music and were forced to work menial jobs to get by. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians like Joe “King” Oliver, Kid Ory and Jelly Roll Morton formed small bands that took the music of these older men and increased the complexity and dynamic of their music, as well as gaining greater commercial success. This music became known as “Hot Jazz”, because of the often-breakneck speeds and amazing improvised polyphony (复调音乐) that these bands produced. A young virtuoso cornet player named Louis Armstrong was discovered in New Orleans by King Oliver. Armstrong soon grew to become the greatest Jazz musician of his era and eventually one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other Jazz musicians altered the course of both popular and Classical music. African-American musical styles became the dominant force in 20th century music.

9. Bgklg2qz41 One of the most popular forms of contemporary (同时期，同时代的) music is country music, which found its humble beginnings in the early 1920s when folk music was taken one step further. Those who claimed fame, (mostly from the Appalachians) for having introduced folk music to the nation were now in the first quarter of the twentieth century introducing a slightly more sophisticated (复杂的) styling of the“hillbilly”sound already made popular. HONKY TONK SOUND In the eighty plus years of country music history, its sound and style has changed dramatically, at least in some respects. In its earliest years, it was the honky-tonk (酒吧间，蹩脚戏院) sound from the likes of Ernest Tubb and Hank Williams that made up the genre of country music. Roadside pubs and meeting houses throughout Oklahoma and Texas were packed every Friday and Saturday evening with fans and curiosity seekers alike, anxious to listen to the fast-rising sounds of steel guitars and drums.

10. Bgklg2qz42 Those pubs were popular though for more than just the latest craze in American music—the repeal of prohibition (禁令，禁止) in 1933 also relaxed the minds of many when it came to public drinking; now the audiences could enjoy their favorite music and alcoholic beverages at the same time. Although Tubb and Williams had their share of popularity with the honky-tonk sound, it was Al Dexter who cut the first record with the actual words “honky-tonk” in 1936. Tubb’s single,“Walking the Floor Over You”released in 1941, would go on to sell more than one million copies—quite a feat in any form of music.“Your Cheating Heart,”cut by Williams in 1953, is perhaps one of the best-known records of the honky-tonk era. It was not his only hit though; in his lifetime Williams recorded more than one hundred songs. WESTERN SOUND OF COUNTRY

11. Bgklg2qz421 Another form of the country music style is known as western-country. While honky-tonks were filled with its fans, theatres were filled with fans of the cowboy songs made popular, again, in Texas and Oklahoma. The often-romanticized (浪漫化的) life of the cowboy, heroic but lonely, drifting, fit in perfectly with this style of music that took its sound from the hills of Tennessee and the bayous (牛轭湖) of Louisiana. More often than not at least one part of the western song would include a lonesome whistle from the flute or other mellow-sounding wind instrument. The lyrics to the western sound centered directly on the pains and sorrows of life on the western frontier. Some of those famous for this western style were Gene Autry, America’s singing cowboy, and Roy Rogers, who later teamed with wife Dale Evans to become a famous due of the genre. Rogers also had been a part of The Sons of the Pioneers, a band that brought the frontier sound to over 80 westerns between 1935-1948.

12. Bgklg2qz422 ROCKABILLY (乡村摇滚乐） OF COUNTRY Country music morphed once again in the early 1950s with a sound that became known as rockabilly—a mix of the southern hills music and the blues. This sound was made popular by many performers who developed staying power in the country music industry. They include the Everly Brothers, Jerry Lee Lewis, Conway Twitty, Carl Perkins, and, of course, the king himself—Elvis Presley. With its faster paced sound and constant rhythm, this form of country quickly worked its way up the record charts as Americans, too, found themselves living a lifestyle that was a much quicker pace than the generation of their parents.

13. Bgklg2qz423 NASHVILLE (纳什维尔） SOUND It’s in this town in the state of Tennessee that country music found its permanent home. It’s here that the sound of country and all its variations have been produced, since 1925 when Nashville Barn Dance was established. By 1935, when it became known as the Grand Ole Opry, national broadcasting had begun—soon after saw a huge influx of country-star wanna-bes drawing to Nashville in hopes of a chance of making the big time. The first of those who flocked to Nashville were, among others, Ernest Tubb, Patsy Cline, Buddy Holly, and Kitty Wells, otherwise known as the Queen of country music. By the 1960s, those and others had a new sound created for their vocal talents—Owen Bradley and Chet Atkins molded these performers into what became known as the Nashville sound.

14. Bgklg2qz424 This was most definitely the sound of country, but as stated earlier, this form of music has changed dramatically—the sixties saw more than steel guitars and drums in the Nashville sound. Now complete orchestras were brought in to add a lushness, or softness, to the country sound. Now, too, the ever popular use of synthesizers, studio effects, and over—dubbing were used to create a rich, full sound that no steel guitar and drum—set could ever hope to create. This era of country was the beginning of the age of contemporary country music. It was this sound, made popular in the sixties and seventies, that would enable artists from many different walks to join in the folds of the country music industry. Cross-over from the pop genre included Kenny Rogers, Dolly Parton, Conway Twitty—all had great success when they recorded in the new style of the Nashville sound.

15. Bgklg2qz43 Today country music is perhaps at its highest peak of popularity—the road to success paved by Cline, Tubbs, Williams, Wells, and others is now treaded upon by mega-stars (大明星，超级明星) like Garth Brooks, the team of Brooks and Dunn, Reba McIntire, Vince Gill, and dozens of others who are quoted with their thanks and gratitude to the pioneers of the sound of country music.

16. part1 5fz Suggested teaching plan for listening and speaking Listening practice Speaking activities Language bank Learning Tips

17. s.t.p 1 Suggested teaching plan for listening and speaking

18. s.t.p 2

19. s.t.p 3

20. l.p z2 Short Conversations Situational Dialogues

21. l.p 1 Directions: You will hear two short conversations in this section.Each conversation will be spoken twice.Listen carefully and do the exercises. Task 1Fill in the blanks with the words you hear in Conversation 1 Rose: What is on at the ______ these days?Jimmy: The True Lies. It’s an American blockbuster. Rose: Who is the ___________ in it?Jimmy: The famous American ________ Schwarzenegger. Rose: Do you know anything about him?Jimmy: Of course. He is the ________ of California. Rose: Let us go to see the movie tonight.Jimmy: That is a good idea. cinema leading actor movie star governor

22. Listening script l.p 2 Task 2 Listen to Conversation 2 and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) ( T ) They are talking about the yearly Oscar Award. Helen missed the ceremony last night. Lose Yourself won the prize for the best movie. Mike likes watching superstars walking on the Red Carpet. Both of them went to the ceremony last night. 1 ( F ) 2 3 ( F ) ( T ) 4 ( F ) 5

23. l.p li.s Mike: Did you watch the yearly Oscar Award last night, Helen? Helen: Of course. How could I miss the Oscar Award. It was so exciting to hear the winners’ lists. Mike: It is true. Lose yourself won the prize for the best song. Helen: It is really a very nice movie. Mike: What is more, I enjoyed watching the famous movie stars walking on the Red Carpet.

24. l.p 4 - 1 Practice Directions: Suppose you and your partner are talking about the TV programs. Finish the following conversation by filling in the blanks.

25. l.p 4 - 2 watching TV A: Do you like ___________？B: Yes. I like watching TV very much.A: During the ______ how many hours do you spend in ___________________?B: About _______.A: What kind of program do you like most?B: Oh, I like ______ on CCTV5, and also news. _________ what ________ in the world. How about you? I mean program.A: I would like to watch CCTV9 to _________________ .B: Good idea! holiday watching TV every day 2 hours sports I can learn happened improve my English

26. Listening script l.p 5 Directions:You will hear two situational dialogues in this section. Each dialogue will be spoken twice. Listen carefully and do the exercises. Task 1Listen to Dialogue 1 and answer the following questions 1 Where is Li Yun from? _______ Beijing. 2 What are popular with mature visitors to Beijing？ _____________________ Traditional performances. 3 What do young people prefer? __________________ clubs and cafes. Snack markets, pubs, 4 What is recommended to a stranger? A stroll along______________ and_________________ Chang’an Street Tian’anmen Square. 5 Where can we explore the Chinese folk culture? ____________ Tianqiao Area.

27. l.p li.s M: Hi, Li Yun, as an old Beijinger, can you tell me something about the nightlife in Beijing? W: Certainly. The mature visitors like to watch traditional performances while the younger generation seems to favor the snack markets, pubs, clubs, and cafes. M: What do traditional performances include? W: Beijing Opera, acrobatic shows and dramatic performances in the teahouses, and so on. M: Well, if I’m a stranger to Beijing, what shall I do to know Beijing better? W: Then, a stroll along Chang’an Street to Tian’anmen Square is highly recommended to you. M: Where shall I go to explore Chinese folk culture? W: You can go to the Tianqiao Area. Two of the most famous venues are the Tianqiao Theatre and Tianqiaole Teahouse. M: Thank you for offering me so much information. W: You’re welcome.

28. l.p 7 Task 2Listen to Dialogue 2 and make your choices 1 C Where does Li Hong usually go? A. The Summer Palace. B. The Palace Museum. C. The Temple of Heaven. D. The Tao Ranting Park. 2 What kind of people often go there? A. Young people. B. Retired people. C. Middle-aged people. D. Children. B

29. Listening script l.p 71 3 Which of the following things is not mentioned in the dialogue? A. Dancing. B. Singing. C. Taiji. D. Jogging. D 4 What do people do in Tao Ranting Park? A. Sing Beijing Opera. B. Sing Opera. C. Sing popular songs. D. Sing folk songs. A 5 B What does Helen think of this kind of life? A. Busy. B. Relaxing. C. Nervous. D. Tiring.

30. l.p li.s W: Do you often go to the parks, Li Hong? M: Yes, Helen, I often go to the Temple of Heaven.W: Are there many people in it? M: Sure. Many retired people are regular visitors there. They go there every morning and enjoy themselves. W: Really? What do they do there? M: Many kinds of things. Some do yang-ge dance, while some do other kinds of dances that I can’t name. Some people gather in a corner singing loudly together while others practice Taiji.W: So interesting! What a happy life they lead! What about other parks? Is it the same? M: Yes, it’s almost the same. I often hear people singing Beijing Opera and Ping Opera in Tao Ranting Park. Some people just sit there playing chess. W: Spending a few hours in such beautiful parks every day really makes us relax a lot. M: Yes, quite relaxing.

31. l.p 13 Practice Directions: Suppose you (A) and your cousin (B) are chatting about music. Complete the following conversation with the words or expressions you have learned.

32. l.p 14 A: Are you a music ____ ? B: Yes, I do not know what I would do without a ____ player. A: Who is your _______ composer （作曲家）? B：I listen to a lot of __________ . A: Some people say that music has gone _______ since Beethoven. But I do not ______ . What do you think of _______ music? B: Very popular. There are a lot of good music such as ___________ and _____ . A: Do you like listening to the __________ songs. B: Of course, I am a fan of these young singers. A: I like them, too. B：It seems that we have the same taste on music. A：I think so. lover tape favorite Beethoven downhill agree modern rock and roll jazz super-girls’

33. s.a 1f Activity 1 Activity 2

34. s.a 1 Directions: Work in pairs. Suppose you and your partner are talking about the movies. Try to use the following sentence patterns to make a short conversation. I like to go to the cinema... Last week I saw a wonderful movie with my classmates. There are several movie festivals. He is fond of the director… The best movie star in my opinion is…

35. s.a 2 Directions: Work in pairs. Please make up your own dialogues based on the following situations. And you may refer to the sentences in Language bank. Situation 1: During the first music class, you and your friend are talking about each other’s preference in music. Situation 2: You and your deskmate are talking about Chinese traditional arts. Please make a dialogue,and you can refer to the above sentence patterns.

36. l.b 11 I quite enjoy/ like/ love/ take to jazz/ classic music/ pop music/rock and roll. I am keen on/fond of light music/Beethoven/guitar. I do not like it at all. Can you read music? Do you often go to concerts? What musical instrument do you like to play? 我很喜欢爵士乐/古典音乐/流行音乐/摇滚乐。 我喜欢听轻音乐/贝多芬/吉他。 我一点也不喜欢它。 你能读懂音乐吗? 你常去听音乐会吗？ 你喜欢演奏什么样的乐器?

37. 1 lb I like country music much more. I have two tickets for tonight’s concert. What is your favorite movie? You are really a great movie fan. Do you think watching English-language movie will help to improve English a lot? 我比较喜欢乡村音乐。 我有两张今天晚上音乐会的票。 你最喜欢看的电影是哪部? 你确实是个铁杆影迷。 你认为观看英文电影能大大提高英语水平吗？

38. Lt 生词卡（Word Cards） 提高英语会话能力，同时又增加词汇量的有效方法之一是把从书本上，报刊杂志上看到的精彩词、句抄录下来，制成卡片。可以分成政治、经济、文学、艺术、体育等类。平时随身带着几张，空闲时就拿出来背背。在会话和写作时往往能派上用场。这是增加词汇量的有效方法，更是练习英语表达能力的良方。

39. Patr2 Text A Text B Culture Tips

40. Task A Suggested teaching plan for Text A Pre-reading task Text A Activities

41. A s.t.p 1 Suggested teaching plan for Text A

42. A s.t.p 2

43. A s.t.p 21

44. A s.t.p 3

45. Pre-reading 1. What kind of music do you like most? 2. What is Jazz? 3. Are you familiar with Country-Western music?

46. 译文 译文 z.w 1 Jazz and Country-Western Among the many contributions Americans have made to the arts, one of the most significantcontributions has been in the field of music. During her short history America has evolved several musical forms which really capturethe nation’s spirit. The first of these is jazz. At the end ofthe 19th century, Negro bands were forming in the south of the U.S.A. and these musicians brought their skills on the piano, trumpetand drums, up to the north.

47. 译文 z.w 22 Emerging from the depths of the black man’s soul which yearnedfor freedom, jazz is one of the freest of all musical forms because ofits numerousunprepared changes. The jazz musician lets his soul control the path of the journey the music will take. No two pieces are ever played alike and no one piece is ever played the same. For this reason it remainsone of the most difficult types of music to perform and many a well-trained professional musician cannot play jazz well unless he can “feel” rather than “read” the music.

48. 译文 译文 z.w 1-1 Jazz is not so much a “kind” of music as it is a “way” of playing music. Almost any music can become jazz if it is played with a jazz treatment. In jazz musical ideas are born and the musicians play together for hours without depending onwritten music. There is an element of fun in the performing of jazz brought by its spontaneity. Today jazz is widely performed and appreciated throughout the world. Starting from the music of a localizedarea, it has truly become international.

49. 译文 z.w 2-1 On the other handcountry-western music which finds its home in Nashville, Tennessee, generatesa different mood. This music has its own melancholiccharm, which expresses certain cold and sentimentalfeelings, such as the American famous song “the Sound of Silence”. Its melodiclyricismstands in contrast tothe strong and heavyrhythmsof jazz. Thelyrics of all country-western songs speak oflost lovers, lost homes, broken hearts andfaithful dogs. The lyrics are simple. Their message is direct and immediate. It remains perhaps one of the most popular music forms in America and the city Nashville is said to be the music capital of the world where its summer festival attracts large crowds. Country-western singers are welcomed by their admiringfans.

50. 译文 zw1-y.w 美国人对艺术的发展所做的贡献之一是在音乐领域所做的具有重大意义的贡献。美国的历史比较短,却发展形成了几种深入美国民心的音乐形式。