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How Genes Work

How Genes Work. 13.1 Gene function. What are genes and what do they do?. Section of DNA which codes for a polypeptide Genotype determines phenotype. Genetic code is “read” here. transcription. translation. Polypeptide chain (folds into a ___________). DNA (as a gene). mRNA. synthesis.

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How Genes Work

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  1. How Genes Work 13.1 Gene function

  2. What are genes and what do they do? • Section of DNA which codes for a polypeptide • Genotype determines phenotype

  3. Geneticcode is “read” here transcription translation Polypeptide chain (folds into a ___________) DNA (as a gene) mRNA synthesis What is the central dogma? • Explains process of polypeptide manufacture

  4. What types of RNA are used? • Recall DNA vs. RNA • tRNA • rRNA • Found in ribosomes along with ______ • mRNA

  5. What is the genetic code? • Triplets or codons • Template strand

  6. Do all organisms use the same code? • Yup! • Some minor deviations, but…

  7. Why not just use DNA to make a protein?

  8. How Genes Work 13.2 Transcription

  9. What is transcription? • First step in polypeptide production • Occurs in ___________ • Players • DNA coding strand • RNA polymerase • Nucleotides • ATP • Promotor region • Final product: immature mRNA • In prokaryotes, it is mature at this point

  10. What are the three steps to transcription? • Initiation • Binding at promotor • Elongation • Termination • Stop sequence

  11. How does mRNA become mature? • Post-transcriptional modifications • Note: this is only in eukaryotes • 5’ cap • 3’ poly-A tail • Introns removed • Exons spliced together

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