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Chpt . 15 Genes and how they work. Juliocoolio Soto, Tank Smith, Ninja Sequeira , Timmeh Schaeffer, Roberto Swagmaster Romero. The Nature of Genes. The Central Dogma of Biology DNA RNA Protein In between there is Transcription and Translation
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Chpt. 15 Genes and how they work Juliocoolio Soto, Tank Smith, Ninja Sequeira, Timmeh Schaeffer, Roberto Swagmaster Romero
The Nature of Genes • The Central Dogma of Biology • DNA RNA Protein • In between there is Transcription and Translation • Transcription produces and exact copy of DNA • Translation is when the mRNA is read by a ribosome with tRNA to combine amino acids to make a protein
The Genetic Code • The genetic code is read in groups of 3 • AUG =Start • UAA= Stop • UAG= Stop • UGA= Stop
Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Transcription • Prokaryotic have a single RNA polymerase • Eukaryotic transcription is when the DNA strand is acted upon by 3 RNA polymerases, creating a strand of mRNA
Translation • Requires accesory factors • Eukaryotic translation is when the ribosome reads the mRNA strand as it flows through it,at the same time combining amino acids from tRNA to make a polypeptide and then a protein • Elongation adds successive amino acids • Termination requires accessory factors • Proteins may be targeted to the ER
Mutation: Altered Genes • Point mutations affects single site in the DNA • Chromosomal mutations have the structure of chromosomes • Our view of the nature of genes has changed with new information