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MANAGEMENT INVOLVEMENT IN DSS

. MANAGEMENT INVOLVEMENT IN DSS. Dr. Ir. Sudaryanto, MSc. sudaryanto@staff.gunadarma.ac.id. Computer Generated Business Model. As generator of resources As links in an economic chains As society’s organ for the creation of wealth As creatures an creators of material environment

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MANAGEMENT INVOLVEMENT IN DSS

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  1. . MANAGEMENT INVOLVEMENT IN DSS Dr. Ir. Sudaryanto, MSc. sudaryanto@staff.gunadarma.ac.id

  2. Computer Generated Business Model • As generator of resources • As links in an economic chains • As society’s organ for the creation of wealth • As creatures an creators of material environment • Opportunities and threats

  3. Management Involvement in DSS • Purpose of DSS: • To support managerial decision making • Management involvement is crucial • Management involvement • From the inception to ongoing use • Role of management in DSS • Approval and administration • Development • Operation • Utilization of output

  4. Management Involvement in the Development of DSS (%) Stage Lower Middle Top • Idea • Information requirement • Building • Testing • Demonstration • Acceptance 0 0 11 11 11 0 61 78 72 72 78 72 61 61 6 6 28 27 Scale 1 to 5

  5. APPROVER AND ADMINISTRATOR OF DSS • Planning for DSS tend to be dezentralized • should be incorporated into corporate planning • Management involvement is crucial • DSS needs strong management support and involvement • Sense of ownership by manager • Need organizational unit to administer DSS

  6. APPROVER AND ADMINISTRATOR OF DSS • Basic planning for DSS development • Quick hit • Single DSS application without subsequent application • Staged development • First DSS is reused in developing the second • Complete • Complete DSS tools and generators is acquired • Organizational issue is decided

  7. Operation Of DSS • How much does management operate the DSS ? • How is the management decision approach maintained by the DSS ? • easy access of the intermediary to the manager • easy access of the intermediary to the DSS • fast turnaround time on DSS output

  8. Utilization Of DSS • Is use of DSS required ? • What level of management utilize the DSS? • Decision structure (structure / unstructure) • Source of information (internal / external) • Accuracy of information (deterministic/probabilistic) • Scope of decision (narrow/ broad) • How does the DSS support the phases of decision making?

  9. INFORMATION REQUIREMENT • Increasing EIS implementation • Many success story • EIS still viewed as a high risk system • 21 of 51 had failed • Need organizational unit to administer DSS

  10. Guidelines for Designing EIS Interfaces Dr. Ir. Sudaryanto, MSc. Ir. (IPB), MSc (AIT-Thailand), Dr. rer.pol. (Aachen-Germany)

  11. Development of EIS • Challenges in building EIS • Must be addressed on technical, organizational • and managerial issue • How to create EIS that easy to use • Attention on designing user interface

  12. Development of EIS • EIS user interface • How the user direct the operation the system • keyboard, mouse, touch screen, question/ • answer, commandlanguage, menu, voice) • How the output is given to the user • graphical, textual, tabular, color, paper, online • Due to the nature of the user • the system should be user friendly and • user intuitive • the system should flexible

  13. Design Guidelines • Designing an EIS: • Involve executives in design of the user interface • Setting standard for screen layout, format, color • Use the system should be intuitive • Use standard definition of terms • Design the main menu as a gateway to all • computer use • Design the system for ease of navigation • Strive to make response times as fast as possible • Expect preferences in user interface to change

  14. Design Guidelines The Considerations • Involve executives in design of the user interface • Challenge: limited experience working directly with • computer • Important to involve executive users in the process • Prototyping approach • A full screen interface with large buttons and icons • A multiple windows interface with pull-down menus • and dialog boxes • Multiple windows conform with interface design • standard

  15. Design Guidelines The Considerations • Most of commercial EIS run under windows • Must be tailored according to the “computer literacy” • of executive users and their preference • Executive involvement in screen content and design • Option: train in windows and its application or • design application without windows • Must compromise between different requirements

  16. Design Guidelines The Considerations • Setting standard • Layout Standards • graphical: visual presentation, • tabular: specific number • textual: explanation, assessment, action • Graph standard • type of graphics : bar chart, line graphs, • pie chart • avoid vertical wording

  17. Design Guidelines The Considerations • Standard • Color standards • different color indicates different meaning • Traffic light-pattern for comparison, indicator • Combination of layout, format and color • consistent look and feel • reduce misinterpretation and misunderstanding • Use of text • To make the information displayed more useful • Advance capabilities • Voice commentaries, animation

  18. Design Guidelines The Considerations • Using the System Should Be Intuitive • Ideally, executive can use without or with • minimum training • Operate by point- and click technology • Very rare use of command language • time consuming and • difficult to learn and remember • Must be customized for each executive

  19. Design Guidelines The Considerations • Using Standard Definition of Terms • Data dictionaries for transaction operations • Terms that are widely used should be • standardize • To avoid misunderstanding/ misinterpretation • sign-up by Lockheed • Dictionary of term used in the IES

  20. Design Guidelines The Considerations • Designing the Main Menu as a Gateway • As the “main door” to a variety of applications • for executive • e-mail, e-filing • external news, stock price • To avoid unnecessary procedures, difficulty • and inconvenience • Use of picks (menus, icons, buttons)

  21. Design Guidelines The Considerations • Designing the System for Ease of Navigation • Facilitate in moving from one to other application • Understanding the mental model of executive • The decision was business rather than technical • Navigation features: • one screen shows where the user in the system • a home key or pick to back to the main menu • a single menu to provide direct access to • different screens

  22. Design Guidelines The Considerations • Response Time as Fast as Possible • Monitor the response time of the system for each query • Trend to degrade (2.8 sec (1988) to 5.3 sec(1991) • despite increase use of more powerful computer and LAN • satisfaction with response time was extremely low • Response time will faster if the screens are static • Trade-off between timeliness of data on the screen • and response time • Executive usually tolerate a slow response to ad hoc queries • still acceptable when compared to “conventional” method • to gather the same information

  23. END

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