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Categories of Answer-Providing Tools (APTs)

Categories of Answer-Providing Tools (APTs). Dr. Dania Bilal IS 530 Fall 2006. Types of Sources. Primary Sources Actual records of events that survived from the past. Diaries, personal journals, personal accounts, interviews, original manuscripts, artifacts, poems, etc. Types of Sources.

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Categories of Answer-Providing Tools (APTs)

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  1. Categories of Answer-Providing Tools (APTs) Dr. Dania Bilal IS 530 Fall 2006

  2. Types of Sources • Primary Sources • Actual records of events that survived from the past. • Diaries, personal journals, personal accounts, interviews, original manuscripts, artifacts, poems, etc.

  3. Types of Sources • Secondary Sources • Offer an analysis or a restatement of primary sources. • Dictionaries, encyclopedias, books and articles that interpret or review research works

  4. Types of Sources • Tertiary Sources • Lead-in tools to primary and secondary sources • Indexes, databases, literature guides, bibliographies, etc.

  5. Biographical Sources • Information about people • Biographical dictionaries, directories, indexes • Adults, young adults, children • General and specialized • Print and online • Examples: Current Biography, Who’s Who, Biography Index

  6. Online Catalogs • List of titles held in a library collection • Location service/lead-in tool • Directs users to information about subjects, authors, etc. but does not provide the information itself. • Type of questions: Person, subject, specific publication

  7. Dictionaries • Information about terms, language, historical background of a term, syllabication, pronunciation, etc. • Adults & children • Abridged & unabridged • General & specialized • Print and online

  8. Encyclopedias • Articles on subjects in a general or specific field of knowledge. • Multi-volume & one volume set • Adult/adult-young adults/children • See comparison chart, Katz I, pp. 229-230 and detailed description/evaluation of each encyclopedia on the following pages. • See page 246, Other Children’s Sets

  9. Encyclopedias • See Katz I, pp. 256-260 • Lists multi-volume encyclopedias in foreign languages • Subject or specialized encyclopedias • Various disciplines • Evaluated and described in Katz I., pp. 260-275.

  10. Encyclopedias • Type of questions answered in encyclopedias • Background information on events • Overview of a topic • Profile of a person • Outline/chronology of events • Other

  11. Geographical Sources • Information about places • Atlases, maps, gazetteers, guidebooks • Each provides a different type of information about places • Adults, young adults, children • Print & online

  12. Gazetteers • Geographic dictionaries • Places, physical features and information about them • Spelling, pronunciation of place names, history of name changes, population, industries, agriculture, climate, and history

  13. Maps • Pictorial representation of earth’s surface or a section of it. • Physical/historical/political information • Information is more tabular and pictorial than narrative • Print & online

  14. Atlases • Collection of maps • Simple depiction of a geographical area to detailed information about aspects of an area, such as population, mineral and energy resources, and agriculture • Articles, tables, weather, geology, zip codes

  15. Guidebooks • Information about a specific country, region, city, building, museum, travel information, etc. • Unique information appropriate for answering specific reference questions

  16. Guides to the Literature • Specific subject area or discipline • Cover available sources related to subject or discipline • May cover more than one subject area

  17. Guides to the Literature • Lead-in tools • Selection and evaluation tools • May include bibliographies, guides, indexing & abstracting services, periodicals, dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other sources along with annotations of each title

  18. Handbooks & Manuals • Compact sources • Information on a specific area/discipline or discipline in a concise or comprehensive form • Compilations of literary, historical, and statistical data

  19. Handbooks & Manuals • Narrative information with charts, tables, graphs, formulae, etc. • Directed toward specialist or practitioner Examples: Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR), APA Style Manual, U.S. Government Manual

  20. Indexes • Guides to the contents of a source of knowledge • Systematic arrangement of contents using different schemes Examples: Book index, periodical index, online catalog

  21. Bibliographies • Bibliographic control and access tools • Used to identify, verify, locate, and select • Trade: limited to materials published within a given country (e.g., BIP) • National: NUC – all books published by LC and member libraries (locally and overseas)

  22. Indexing & Abstracting Sources • Indexes with citations and abstracts of articles and other materials • Journal, magazine, and newspaper indexes • User language vs. system language (Subject headings lists & thesauri)

  23. Indexing & Abstracting Sources • Types of indexes • General • Print and online • Reader’s Guide; Expanded Academic ASAP • Specialized • Print and online • Social Science Index; Social Science Citation Index (SocialSciSearch – Dialog)

  24. Yearbooks & Almanacs • General or specialized • Current information in descriptive and statistical form • Information about people, places, organizations; numeric information, measurements, etc. (almanacs) • Chronology of world events and other info.

  25. Non-biographical Directories • Directories with no emphasis on people • Information about organizations, agencies, societies, clubs, official bodies, institutions, manufacturers, businesses, professions, regions, and the like

  26. Evaluation • Each type of tools has specific evaluation criteria (see Katz: I) in addition to the general criteria we discussed in class. • Many types and titles within each type are provided in Katz: I.

  27. Class Activity Match the question to the most suitable APT: • Address of the White House • Synonyms for the verb negate • Date of assassination of president John Kennedy • Causes of death of Kennedy, Jr. • Name of the CEO of Coca Cola Co. • Citation for latest article published by Bilal & Wang • Meaning of IEEE • Calories of an average size bagel • Conversion formula from Centigrade to Fahrenheit • A review of the movie Fahrenheit 911

  28. Overview of Assignment #1 • Read assignment #1 • Peruse the chapters on APTs in Katz: I. • Raise any questions about the assignment in class.

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