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Answer-Providing Tools (APTs)

Answer-Providing Tools (APTs). Dr. Dania Bilal IS 530 Spring 2006. Types of Sources. Primary Sources Actual records of events that survived from the past. Diaries, personal journals, personal accounts, interviews, original manuscripts, artifacts, poems, etc. Types of Sources.

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Answer-Providing Tools (APTs)

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  1. Answer-Providing Tools (APTs) Dr. Dania Bilal IS 530 Spring 2006

  2. Types of Sources • Primary Sources • Actual records of events that survived from the past. • Diaries, personal journals, personal accounts, interviews, original manuscripts, artifacts, poems, etc.

  3. Types of Sources • Secondary Sources • Offer an analysis or a restatement of primary sources. • Dictionaries, encyclopedias, books and articles that interpret or review research works

  4. Types of Sources • Tertiary Sources • Lead-in tools to primary and secondary sources • Indexes, databases, etc.

  5. Biographical Sources • Information about people • Biographical dictionaries, directories, indexes • Adults, young adults, children • General and specialized • Print and online • Examples: Current Biography, Who’s Who, Biography Index

  6. Online Catalogs • List of titles held in a library collection • Location service/lead-in tool • Directs users to information about subjects, authors, etc. but does not provide the information itself. • Type of questions: Person, subject, specific publication

  7. Dictionaries • Information about terms, language, historical background of a term, syllabication, pronunciation, etc. • Adults & children • Abridged & unabridged • General & specialized • Print and online

  8. Encyclopedias • Articles on subjects in a general or specific field of knowledge. • Multi-volume & one volume set • Adults/children/young adults • Print & online

  9. Encyclopedias • Type of questions answered in encyclopedias • Background information on events • Overview of a topic • Profile of a person • Outline/chronology of events • Other

  10. Geographical Sources • Information about places • Atlases, maps, gazetteers, guidebooks • Each provides a different type of information about places • Adults, young adults, children • Print & online

  11. Gazetteers • Geographic dictionaries • Places, physical features and information about them • Spelling, pronunciation of place names, history of name changes, population, industries, agriculture, climate, and history

  12. Maps • Pictorial representation of earth’s surface or a section of it. • Physical/historical/political information • Information is more tabular and pictorial than narrative • Print & online

  13. Atlases • Collection of maps • Simple depiction of a geographical area to detailed information about aspects of an area, such as population, mineral and energy resources, and agriculture • Articles, tables, weather, geology, zip codes

  14. Guidebooks • Specific country, region, city, building, museum, etc. • Unique information appropriate for answering specific reference questions

  15. Guides to the Literature • Specific subject area or discipline • Available sources related to subject or discipline • May cover more than one subject area

  16. Guides to the Literature • Lead-in tools • Selection tools • May include bibliographies, guides, indexing & abstracting services, periodicals, dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other sources along with annotations of each title

  17. Handbooks & Manuals • Compact sources • Information on a specific area/discipline or discipline in a concise or comprehensive form • Compilations of literary, historical, and statistical data

  18. Handbooks & Manuals • Narrative information with charts, tables, graphs, formulae, etc. • Directed toward specialist or practitioner Examples: Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR), APA Style Manual, U.S. Government Manual

  19. Indexes • Guides to the contents of a source of knowledge • Systematic arrangement of contents using different schemes Examples: Book index, periodical index, online catalog

  20. Bibliographies • Writings or publications such as books, journal articles, etc. on a given subject or by a given author • Bibliographic citations Example: Bate’s Bibliography of Works on Information Seeking, Indexing, and Information Retrieval Systems

  21. Abstracting Sources • Indexes with citations and abstracts of articles and other materials • Lead-in tools

  22. Monographs and Texts • Treaties on a subject or class of subjects • Intended to be read completely • Detailed discussion of a subject • Tables, illustrations, bibliographies • Not typical reference sources

  23. Yearbooks & Almanacs • General or specialized • Current information in descriptive and statistical form • Information about people, places, organizations; numeric information, measurements, etc. (almanacs) • Chronology of world events and other info.

  24. Non-biographical Directories • Directories with no emphasis on people • Information about organizations, agencies, societies, clubs, official bodies, institutions, manufacturers, businesses, professions, regions, and the like

  25. Class Activity Match the question to the most suitable APT: • Address of the White House • Synonyms for the verb negate • Date of assassination of president John Kennedy • Causes of death of Kennedy, Jr. • Name of the CEO of Coca Cola Co. • Citation for latest article published by Bilal & Wang • Meaning of IEEE • Calories of an average size bagel • Conversion formula from Centigrade to Fahrenheit • A review of the movie Fahrenheit 911

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