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Tarrant County Urban Drilling. Mid-Cities Tech Club December 3, 2008. Shale Plays. Marcellus Shale. New Albany Shale. Fayetteville Shale. Woodford Shale. Floyd Shale. Barnett Shale. Thrust Belt. Ouachita. Barnett / Woodford Shale. Eagleford Shale. Haynesville
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Tarrant County Urban Drilling Mid-Cities Tech Club December 3, 2008
Shale Plays Marcellus Shale New Albany Shale Fayetteville Shale Woodford Shale Floyd Shale Barnett Shale Thrust Belt Ouachita Barnett / Woodford Shale Eagleford Shale Haynesville Shale 2
Barnett ShaleIndustry Overview Average over 3.5 Bcfe/d – 30% annual increase(1) Average household uses Mcf each month Over 1,200 new completions reported in 2008 Major activity focused on Tarrant, Johnson, Parker, Denton, Wise, Hood, Hill and Erath counties Peak at 5 BCFD in 2010-2012? (1) Based on 2008 data provided by the Texas Railroad Commission. 3
Barnett ShaleContinuing to Grow • Total Newark east field production (gas & oil) from public records • Denton/Wise volumes flat • Tarrant surpassed Denton & Wise in March 2006 • Johnson surpassed Tarrant in November 2006 Source: Texas Railroad Commission 4
Regional Geology WEST Productive Area • Barnett Shale overlies Ellenberger formation • Ellenberger is water-bearing in this area • Geologic features such a faults allow potential communication between Barnett and Ellenberger • Viola formation acts as barrier between Barnett and Ellenberger
Barnett ShaleCarrizo Leases / 2008 Industry Completions Wise Jack Denton Tarrant Parker Ft. Worth Carrizo lease Industry completion Hood Johnson Somervell Erath Hill 6
Barnett Shale Tarrant County Urban Development Overview • Thickest most gas-rich part of the Barnett sits under the urban areas in SE Tarrant County • 20 sq mile area with surface partially or completely developed • Most surface owners also still own the mineral rights beneath their property DFW Fort Worth UT-Arlington Pantego Carrizo acreage Existing drillsite Completions Permits Pipeline Future pipeline 7 7
Urban Drilling • Development of this resource not possible without horizontal drilling technology
Barnett Urban Project Lifecycle • Identify & acquire rights to drillsite • Lease mineral rights surrounding drillsite • Acquire subsurface seismic data • Formulate development drilling plan • Permit wells and facilities • Drill wells • Complete wells • Install facilities • Produce natural gas!
Urban Drilling - Project Leasing Once geologic model confirms area as prospective Carrizo uses company and third party land professionals to coordinate mineral leasing In urban areas, drillsite acquisition most difficult - NIMBY Typically business or PLM degreed individuals Mineral leasing Negotiate the “lease” of minerals which gives operator the right to drill and produce the minerals under property Lease bonus – paid to lessor (mineral owner) up front when lease is signed; in Barnett as high as $6,000 for 0.2 acre lot Royalty – typically 25% of all gas produced by lessee (Carrizo); 2 – 4 times the lease bonus over life of well UTA lease paid lower bonus and higher royalty Lease in effect as long as well produces 12 12
Barnett Urban Project Lifecycle • Identify & acquire rights to drillsite • Lease mineral rights surrounding drillsite • Acquire subsurface seismic data • Formulate development drilling plan • Permit wells and facilities • Drill wells • Complete wells • Install facilities • Produce natural gas!
3D Seismic • Uses sound waves to create an image of subsurface • Mathematical model of how quickly various subsurface formations reflect waves created by seismic source • Receivers are placed all around source allowing modelling in 3 dimensions Barnett Shale
3D Seismic Faults
3D Seismic • Remember – faults in Barnett are a possible pathway into Ellenberger and water Faults
Barnett Urban Project Lifecycle • Identify & acquire rights to drillsite • Lease mineral rights surrounding drillsite • Acquire subsurface seismic data • Formulate development drilling plan • Permit wells and facilities • Drill wells • Complete wells • Install facilities • Produce natural gas!
Development Planning • Engineers model projected reserves from each well • Analysis of geology from other nearby wells • How much gas is in-place and how much of it can each well produce • Engineers estimate the cost to drill and complete the wells • Engineers run economics to assess project viability • Use computer programs • Requires understanding of commodity market (natural gas) • Engineers get management approval to spend capital
Urban Drilling - Project Permitting Carrizo project engineers coordinate Work closely with local municipality to secure approval to drill Usually requires approval of city planning staff and city council uses company and third party land professionals to coordinate mineral leasing Very detailed ordinances address traffic, noise, safety, screening for drilling and production operations Carrizo engineers must understand all facets of operations to prepare and get permits approved 19 19
Project Permitting - Transportation Location Construction Completion Ops Rig Move Rig Demob Trucks/Day 4th Well 1st Well 3rd Well 2nd Well 5th Well
Barnett Urban Project Lifecycle • Identify & acquire rights to drillsite • Lease mineral rights surrounding drillsite • Acquire subsurface seismic data • Formulate development drilling plan • Permit wells and facilities • Drill wells • Complete wells • Install facilities • Produce natural gas!
Drilling • Engineers design wells • For horizontal drilling, industry engineers have designed motors and mud systems to allow drilling up to 6,000 feet from surface site • Complex system of mechanical equipment integrated with computer technology allows drilling with minimal “footprint” • Engineers monitor ongoing daily drilling in real time to make sure wellbore is in correct location • Steering well complex – only possible with modern computing capabilities 24
Drilling Rig • Drilling rig is composed of Several Sections • Power generation • Derrick and draw works and sub structure • Rotational system • Drill string • Mud system • Well control equipment • Pipe handling • Living quarters
Fracture Stimulation • Rig is on a track which allows the rig to complete one well and commence drilling another in 4 to 6 hours vs. 3 days for a conventional skid move using bull dozers
Barnett Urban Project Lifecycle • Identify & acquire rights to drillsite • Lease mineral rights surrounding drillsite • Acquire subsurface seismic data • Formulate development drilling plan • Permit wells and facilities • Drill wells • Complete wells • Install facilities • Produce natural gas!
Fracturing Process Fresh water The sand props the crack open and provides a conduit for gas to escape from the rock Transferred to pumps with increase the pressure of the mixture Mixture is pumped down hole and into the formation causing cracks in the rock Combined in a Blender Sand Friction Reducers and Stabilizing Chemicals • Engineers determine how much sand and water to pump and at what rates and pressures to produce the most natural gas from each well
Fracture Stimulation Wellbore Pumped Frac Fracture Event
Barnett Urban Project Lifecycle • Identify & acquire rights to drillsite • Lease mineral rights surrounding drillsite • Acquire subsurface seismic data • Formulate development drilling plan • Permit wells and facilities • Drill wells • Complete wells • Install facilities • Produce natural gas!
Production • Engineers design equipment for separation of gas from water and other impurities • Engineers design equipment for compression of gas for sale into gas pipeline • Engineers supervise construction and installation of these facilities at the wellsite after drilling and completion operations are finished