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The Nature of Science

The Nature of Science. 2010 Virginia Science SOL. Equipped with his five senses, man explores the universe around him and calls the adventure Science.  . THE NATURAL WORLD IS. UNDERSTANDABLE. The Natural World is Understandable

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The Nature of Science

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  1. The Nature of Science 2010 Virginia Science SOL

  2. Equipped with his five senses, man explores the universe around him and calls the adventure Science. 

  3. THE NATURAL WORLD IS UNDERSTANDABLE

  4. The Natural World is Understandable The natural world is understandable through the careful collection and critical analysis of empirical evidence. Every discipline in modern science has derived its laws, principles, paradigms, and theories through this process.

  5. SCIENCE DEMANDS EVIDENCE

  6. Science Demands Evidence Scientific knowledge involves a combination of observations and inferences. Scientists use data to make inferences and formulate explanations of phenomena. Data can be obtained through experimentation or observation.

  7. Scientific methodology Scientists apply various methods in doing research. There is no universally accepted “scientific method” agreed upon by the scientific community. Science does demand that evidence be empirically collected and analyzed.

  8. SCIENCE IS A BLEND OF LOGIC AND IMAGINATION

  9. Science is a Blend of Logic and Imagination Scientific knowledge involves human imagination, creativity, and inference. Much of the scientific enterprise is governed by the ability and creativity of scientists to visualize different situations and predict outcomes.

  10. SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IS DURABLE

  11. Scientific Knowledge is Durable Scientific ideas are continually tested. Ideas that are able to withstand the scrutiny of the scientific community form the foundations of our current understandings of the natural world and how it functions.

  12. Theories and laws. Theories and laws are two different types of knowledge used by scientists to describe natural phenomena. They are equal in terms of scientific validity. Theories are generally used to explain complex natural processes not easily quantifiable. Laws use mathematical formulas to show relationships and make predictions about the natural world.

  13. SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE

  14. Scientific Ideas are Subject to Change The drive to elucidate the finer points of a commonly held scientific paradigm is what “normal science” is all about. The sensitive instruments developed to elucidate the finer points of a paradigm help to uncover ambiguities in the expected data. These may lead to changes in our understanding. Although subject to gradual refinement, “the main body of scientific knowledge is very stable and grows by being corrected slowly and having its boundaries extended gradually.”

  15. SCIENTISTS ATTEMPT TO AVOID BIAS

  16. Scientists Try to Identify and Avoid Bias Since scientists within the same field tend to share common methodologies and views, their objectivity must continually be challenged to ensure validity of results. Within the scientific community there are ethical practices that strive to guarantee scientific endeavors are carried out under universally accepted standards around the world.

  17. SCIENCE IS A COMPLEX SOCIAL ACTIVITY

  18. Science is a Complex Social Activity Scientific knowledge is tied to social and cultural factors. Scientific research is dependent upon financial support, and this can influence - both positively and negatively - which areas are investigated.

  19. The Nature of Science The natural world is understandable. Science demands evidence. Science is a blend of logic and imagination. Scientific knowledge is durable. Scientific knowledge is subject to change. Scientists attempt to identify and avoid bias. Science is a complex social activity.

  20. References American Association for the Advancement of Science. (1993). Benchmarks for science literacy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Chiapetta, E. L., Koballa, T. R., (2004). Quizzing students on the myths of science. The Science Teacher. Nov, pp.58-61. Colburn, A. (2008). The prepared practitioner: Why theories never become laws. The Science Teacher. April/May, p. 10. Hanuscin, D. L., Akerson, V. L., & Phillipaon-Mower, T. (2006). Integrating nature of science instruction into a physical science content course for pre-service teachers: NOS views of teaching assistants. Science Education, 90, 912-935. Kuhn, T. (1996). The structure of scientific revolutions. (3rd). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Llewellyn, D. (2002). Inquire within: Implementing inquiry-based science standards. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. National Research Council. (1996). National science education standards. Washington, D.C. National Science Teachers Association. (2000, July). The nature of science. NSTA. Retrieved December 5, 2008, from http://www.nsta.org. Sterling, D. R., Greene, J., & Lewis, D. W. (2002). What principals need to know about teaching science. Alexandria, VA: National Association of Elementary School Principals. Toffler, A., & Toffler, H. (2006). Revolutionary wealth:. New York; Alfred Knopf.

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