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Shapes and Orientations of Orbitals

Shapes and Orientations of Orbitals. Periodic table arrangement. the quantum theory helps to explain the structure of the periodic table. n - 1 indicates that the d subshell in period 4 actually starts at 3 (4 - 1 = 3). The location of electrons is described by: n, l, m l

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Shapes and Orientations of Orbitals

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  1. Shapes and Orientations of Orbitals

  2. Periodic table arrangement • the quantum theory helps to explain the structure of the periodic table. • n - 1 indicates that the d subshell in period 4 actually starts at 3 (4 - 1 = 3).

  3. The location of electrons is described by: n, l, ml n = size, l = shape, ml = orientation

  4. Electron clouds • The “probability” of finding an electron around a nucleus can be calculated. • Relative probability is indicated by a series of dots, indicating the “electron cloud”. • 90% electron probability/cloud for 1s orbital (notice higher probability toward the centre)

  5. p orbitals and d orbitals p orbitals look like a dumbell with 3 orientations: px, py, pz (“p sub z”). Four of the d orbitals resemble two dumbells in a clover shape. The last d orbital resembles a p orbital with a donut wrapped around the middle.

  6. n l ml ms 3d 4s 3p 3s 2p 2s 1s 1 0(s) 0 ENERGY 2 0(s) 0 1(p) -1, 0, 1 3 0(s) 0 1(p) -1, 0, 1 2(d) -1, 0, 1, 2 -2, 4 0(s) 0 Movie: periodic table of the elements: t10-20

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