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More Exam Details When you enter the room, you will be given two pieces of paper.

More Exam Details When you enter the room, you will be given two pieces of paper. Then you must sit with/near your assigned TA, and you will be given a third piece of paper. All 3 pieces of paper must be turned in when you leave, no exceptions. Bring your glasses.

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More Exam Details When you enter the room, you will be given two pieces of paper.

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  1. More Exam Details When you enter the room, you will be given two pieces of paper. Then you must sit with/near your assigned TA, and you will be given a third piece of paper. All 3 pieces of paper must be turned in when you leave, no exceptions. Bring your glasses. Bring #2 lead pencil for multiple choice questions.

  2. Multiple Choice Examples Dates Ex. The Cuban Missile Crisis took place in what year? A) 1962 B) 1964 C) 1966 D) 1968 Acronyms are fair game if embedded within a term/definition or used on an overhead Ex. Which of the following acronyms does not refer directly to an arms control agreement? A) NPT B) CTBT C) ICBM D) ABM

  3. Outline for 9/27: Other Types of International Conflict Civil wars Terrorism

  4. Civil War Definition – Military conflict between organized groups within the same country. Typically includes the current government and some group that either wants to secede or to replace the current government. If civil wars are internal conflicts, then what is their connection to IA? Civil wars sometimes create new countries. Examples? Foreign intervention into internal conflicts. Examples?

  5. Unlike interstate wars, internal conflicts are becoming more frequent. Why?

  6. Causes of Civil War (1) Greed vs. Grievance Model Greed factors – primarily economic, insurgents motivated by a desire to better their material situation. If true, what does it suggest in terms of policy? Grievance factors – insurgents motivated by identity, ethnicity, religion rather than by economic factors. If true, what does it suggest in terms of policy?

  7. Causes of Civil War (2) World Bank study – statistical analysis of civil wars (includes countries with and without a civil war) What factors were statistically associated with civil wars? Lower school enrollment, lower per capita income, slower growth Higher population dispersion, more mountainous terrain What factors were statistically not associated with civil wars? Economic inequality, political rights, ethnic polarization, and religious fractionalization

  8. Resolution of Civil Wars Civil wars usually end when one side defeated. Examples? Negotiations often fail to resolve civil wars. Why? Negotiations only tend to work with a third-party security guarantee

  9. Terrorism Many definitions Book definition : political violence that targets civilians deliberately and indiscriminately Better definition: use of violence by non-state actors, often targeted at civilians in order to discredit/undermine the existing state. Loaded term – terrorist or freedom fighter

  10. US Government list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) (International, Palestinian), Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) (Philippines), Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (Palestinian), Al-Shabaab (Somalia), Ansar al-Islam (Iraqi Kurdistan), Armed Islamic Group (GIA) (Algeria), Asbat an-Ansar (Lebanon), AumShinrikyo (Japan), Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) (Spain, France), Communist Party of the Philippines/New People's Army (CPP/NPA) (Philippines), Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA) (Northern Ireland), Gama’a al-Islamiyya (Egypt) HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement) (Palestinian), Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami (HUJI-B) (Bangladesh, Harakatul-Mujahidin (HUM) (Pakistan), Hizballah (Party of God) (Lebanon), Islamic Jihad Group (Palestinian), Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) (Uzbekistan), Jaish-e-Mohammed (Army of Mohammed) (JEM) (Pakistan), Jemaah Islamiya organization (JI) (South East Asia), Kahane Chai (Kach) (Israel), Kata'ibHizballah (Iraq), Kongra-Gel (formerly Kurdistan Workers' Party) (KGK, formerly PKK, KADEK, Kongra-Gel) (Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Syria), Lashkar-e Tayyiba (Army of the Righteous) (LT) (Muridke, Pakistan), Lashkar i Jhangvi (Pakistan), Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) (Sri Lanka), Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG) (Libya), Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM) (Morocco), Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK) (Iran), National Liberation Army (ELN) (Colombia), Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) (Palestinian), Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Palestinian), PFLP-General Command (PFLP-GC) (Palestinian), TanzimQa'idat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn (QJBR) (al-Qaida in Iraq) (Iraq), Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) (Pakistan), al-Qa’ida (Global) al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb (formerly GSPC) (The Maghreb), Real IRA (Northern Ireland), Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) (Colombia), Revolutionary Organization 17 November (Greece), Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front (DHKP/C) (Turkey), Revolutionary Struggle (Greece), Shining Path (SenderoLuminoso, SL) (Peru)

  11. International Terrorism not necessarily becoming more frequent http://www.publicagenda.org/charts/number-international-terrorist-attacks

  12. Terrorist Incidents decreasing in all regions except the Middle East http://gsociology.icaap.org/report/polsum.html

  13. Why so much terrorism in the Middle East? US military presence in region Strategy of Middle East military actors: asymmetric warfare State sponsors of terrorism Current USG list: Cuba, Iran, Sudan and Syria. Recently removed: Iraq (2003), Libya (2006), North Korea (2008) US as state sponsor?

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