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Submitted by Bruce Kay and Gordon Brown Affiliation PNNL and Stanford

Chemistry and Physics at the Liquid-Solid Interface (under Extreme Conditions ). Opportunity (WHY?). Approaches (HOW?). • Develop model systems • probe systems using BES light sources • Detailed experimental measurements provide data needed to validate and refine theoretical models

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Submitted by Bruce Kay and Gordon Brown Affiliation PNNL and Stanford

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  1. Chemistry and Physics at the Liquid-Solid Interface (under Extreme Conditions) Opportunity (WHY?) Approaches (HOW?) • Develop model systems • probe systems using BES light sources • Detailed experimental measurements provide data needed to validate and refine theoretical models • Develop a molecular theory for chemical phase transformations in condensed phase systems • Liquid-solid interfaces are pervasive in natural and engineered systems relevant to energy production and utilization yet remain poorly understood. • Dissolution/precipitation-Solvation • Solubility • Nucleation and growth •Redox Chemistry • Crystallization Impact (SO WHAT?) Timeliness (WHY NOW?) Why now and not earlier? • Tools now available for probing buried interfaces • Extreme conditions defined by: -Strong electric fileds, high temperature and pressure, stress and high ionic strength • We currently don’t understand how solids dissolve and reprecipitate at an atomistic level. • These processes form the molecular-level basis for geochemistry, batteries, materials synthesis, catalysis, materials aging and failure, and aerosol formation. Submitted by Bruce Kay and Gordon Brown Affiliation PNNL and Stanford

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