Submitted by Roger Falcone Affiliation UCBerkeley /LBNL

1. Material Function: Full-Range Structural Determination Opportunity (WHY?) Approaches (HOW?) • Develop new tools for determination of the complete physical, chemical, electronic, and magnetic structure of materials - reveal materials as they function, in space and time - control material defects, impurities, and microstructure to achieve desired structural and functional properties - enable material discovery and optimization • Go beyond conventionally-accepted limits of instrument performance - novel imaging techniques such as ptychography, phasing, and image processing - improved light sources (high brightness storage rings and free electron lasers), optics (nanofabricated), detectors (small and smart pixels), and improved theory and computation - rapid scan tunneling and force microscopies extended to magnetic and other sensors on tips - dynamic measurements Timeliness (WHY NOW?) • • Technologies and processing power allow going beyond accepted limits of instrument performance • conventional wisdom: damage limits imaging of soft materials to10 nm resolution; crystallography and fast pulses (image before destroy) go well beyond • Conventional wisdom: optical imaging resolution ~wavelength/2; plasmonics and centroiding of fluorescence 1000x improvement • intelligent pixels took cryo electron microscopy of biological samples to sub-nm level • dynamic feedback allowed abberetioncontrol of electron beams in microscopes and accelerators • resonant inelastic x-ray scattering using powerful x-ray sources, novel optics, and improved detectors reveals diverse excitations in materials beyond photoemission Impact (SO WHAT?) • Improved tools will be utilized to optimize functionality of materials and devices including superconductivity, highly efficient thermoelectrics, high and low coercivity magnets, decorated MOFs - new sharp tools with high throughput will enable materials discovery Submitted by Roger Falcone Affiliation UCBerkeley/LBNL