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EDUCATION

EDUCATION. 1970: General Law on Education made primary education free and mandatory for ages 6-16 1980: only 8% of the national budget was spent on education, so there were inadequate facilities and low faculty salaries. 

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EDUCATION

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  1. EDUCATION • 1970: General Law on Education made primary education free and mandatory for ages 6-16 • 1980: only 8% of the national budget was spent on education, so there were inadequate facilities and low faculty salaries.  • The Roman Catholic Church and the Spanish government have long clashed over the education system. • 40% of schools were private, half of these were run by the Roman Catholic Church. • Private schools had better facilities and were highly regarded compared to the state-run schools. • “Elite education” ^Classroom in Cádiz, Spain

  2. 77-82: government subsidized private education • increased the appeal of private schools and decreased the quality of public schools. • 1982: The socialist party integrated private and public education. • 1984 Organic Law on Right to Education, established 3 categories of schooling: • Public schools: • free; ideologically neutral and religious tolerant. • Private schools: • organized by any person or group, funded by student families • Mixed schools: • usually religious, financed by the state, faculty and directors chosen by a committee, the “consejo escolar”, made up of community members. ^School Courtyard

  3. Preschool: (up to age 6) • Public vs. private • Primary School: (6 to 11) • General academics • Secondary School: (12 to 16) • Optional • More general academics • Bachillerato exam • Vocational Training- (for students who opted out of Secondary schools) • Applied vocations – clinical work or electronics • Once chosen, it is impossible to go to a university. • Baccalaureate: (17 to 18) • Choose one: arts, humanities and social sciences, health sciences or technology. • 1 year program to prepare for the university entrance exams • University: (18+) • There are 59 universities in Spain. ^Catholic School in Cádiz, Spain

  4. In 1980, children of parents with higher education were 28 times more likely to attend the universities. • Today: university education is no longer the privilege of a small elite; by 1990 almost half the university students had parents with only elementary education. • A majority of the universities are public and merit based. • The Bachillerato promises any student who passes he or she will have a space in a university. • Still, there’s a lack of scholarships and student subsidies, so they’re very expensive. ^Spanish Students

  5. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION • Typical of an advanced industrialized nation. • differences based on class, profession, and occupation. • Growing middle class: administrators, service personnel and clerical workers • Job distribution: • 40% white collar workers - service workers • 35% blue collar workers – industrial workers • 25% rural workers – farm owners and workers Spanish farm

  6. Income distribution: • Top quintile: 40% • Second quintile: 23.3% • Third quintile: 17.3% • Fourth quintile: 12.5% • Fifth quintile: 6.9%

  7. Healthcare: • Free to those who are in the social security system, or in the EU • Private healthcare: 17% people, expensive • Public healthcare facilities are of high quality, one of the best in the world. • 1942: Franco govt. – healthcare based on social security system • built hospitals1986 • General Health Law • reforms to encompass all workers paying social security • decentralized healthcare to regional areas. ^Hospital in Santa Maria

  8. Problems: • Rural areas not as advanced • Nurses do not provide personal care • Waitlists can be related to wealth • Program only applies to healthcare, not dentistry, etc.

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