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South America

South America. By: Tiffany Byers Rachel Backman Jeremy Petrous Anthony Leo. Guyana. Population. 767,245 people (est. 2006) Growth Rate 0.3% Largest City of Guyana is Georgetown with 227,700 people. Age Distribution. 0-14 years: 26.2% (male 102,551/female 98,772)

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South America

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  1. South America By: Tiffany Byers Rachel Backman Jeremy Petrous Anthony Leo

  2. Guyana

  3. Population • 767,245 people (est. 2006) • Growth Rate 0.3% • Largest City of Guyana is Georgetown with 227,700 people.

  4. Age Distribution • 0-14 years: 26.2% (male 102,551/female 98,772) • 15-64 years: 68.6% (male 265,193/female 260,892) • 65 years and over: 5.2% (male 17,043/female 22,794)

  5. Geography

  6. Geographic Size • 214,969 square kilometers or … • 83,000 square miles • Guyana is approximately the same size as Idaho.

  7. Population Density • 9.1 people per square mile • 3.6 people per square km

  8. Gender Distribution of Workforce • The economic and political spheres are dominated by men. • There are few women in the government. • There has been a woman President. • Women play significant roles as farmers, market vendors, teachers, nurses, civil servants, and clerks. • In the past few years, more women have been attending college and girls have been out performing boys on regional exams.

  9. Type of Political System Republic Executive Branch President: Bharrat Jagdeo Prime Minister: Samuel Hinds Legislative Branch Judicial Branch

  10. Language/Currency • Official Language is English • Some: Amerindian Dialects, Creole, Hindi, and Urdu. • The Official Currency is Guyanese Dollar. • 1 U.S. dollar = 200.94 Guyanese dollars

  11. Life Expectancy • Overall life expectancy is 62 • Males is 61 • Females is 64

  12. Adult Literacy • Male average is 99% • Female average is 98.2% • 10 years of Compulsory Schooling • 27 Students/Teacher in Guyana vs. 15 Students/Teacher in U.S

  13. Economy • Per Capita Income:$4,700 • GDP (PPP): $3.62 Billion • GDP earned by Major Sectors: • Agriculture: 35.5% • Industries: 19.3% • Services: 45.2%

  14. Economical Trends: Guyana 1. Guyana is the most liberalized market in the Caribbean • removed most non-tariff barriers • highest tariff rate in 1998 was 20% • Guyana has a top corporate tax rate of 35%. An additional 10% is applied to profits of commercial companies

  15. Economical Trends: Guyana 2. Guyana receives economic aid • $84 Million from Economic Aid Recipient • $253 Million from Heavily Indebt Poor Country Initiative (HIPCI) • Guyana’s economy has grown rapidly in the past seven years. The major sources of growth came mainly from forestry, gold, bauxite, sugar, rice and fishing.

  16. Economic Trends: Guyana 3. The Guyanese economy has deteriorated under government management policies. • Members of the ruling People's National Congress (PNC) political party were placed in managerial positions, removing former managers and clerical workers.

  17. Social Trends in Guyana 1. Less people have AIDS than in the past • In 2001, the prevalence rate for AIDS in adults was 2.7% • In 2003, the prevalence rate for AIDS dropped to 2.5% 2. The annual suicide rates in the Guaraní went from 121.5 per 100,000 population for males in 2000 to 113.2 in 2005 and from 63.7 per 100,000 population for females in 2000 to 59.1 in 2005 3. Infant mortality rates have lowered in recent years

  18. Political Trends in Guyana 1. The political climate in Guyana is insecure after the 1997 December elections because the PPC/Civic coalition won a second consecutive victory even though they were accused of electoral fraud. 2.  There are two main political parties in the Guyana government: the PPP and the PNC. The PNC was started in 1957 when it broke away from the PPP to start its own party. 3. Guyana’s political relationship with Cuba used to be very close in the 1970s and early 1980s. But after the U.S. invasion of Grenada, Guyana distanced itself from Cuba fearing U.S. intervention in Guyana. Currently, the relations with Cuba have been cordial but not close.

  19. Technological Trends: Guyana 1. There were 60.1085 televisions per 1000 people in 2003 • There were 55 televisions per 1000 people in 1997 2. There were 548.817 radios per 1000 people in 2003 • There were 498 radios per 1000 people in 1997 3. There were 133.856 telephones per 1000 people in 2006 • There were 79 telephones per 1000 people in 1997

  20. Brazil

  21. Population • 2006 = 188 million people • 2050 = 260 million people • 1.04% growth rate • 1991 = 2.7 births per woman • 2004 = 2.3 births per woman • # of elderly people 70+ is on the rise • 20.1 people per sq. km

  22. Age Distribution • 0-14 years: 25.8% (male 24,687,656/female 23,742,998) • 15-64 years: 68.1% (male 63,548,331/female 64,617,539) • 65 years and over: 6.1% (male 4,712,675/female 6,769,028)

  23. Geography

  24. Brazil Geographic Size • 5th largest country in the world and largest in Latin America • Size of U.S. excluding Alaska • Brazil total area 8,511,965 sq km • U.S. total area 9,826,630 sq km • 184,184,264 people in 2005

  25. Brazil Population Density • Demographic Density is low – 80% live within 200 miles of Atlantic Coast • 21.5 people per square km • 2.1 children per woman

  26. Brazil Gender Distribution of Workforce • Style of development doesn’t favor incorporation of women in the economy • Brazilian women are paid less than similarly qualified men. • Brazilian women are disproportionately concentrated in the lowest-paying economic sectors • Largest single job for women is domestic servant

  27. Political System • Brazil is a federal republic w/26 states and 1 federal district • Capital = Brasilia • Each state is technically autonomous w/ a legislative body and an elected government • The President is the head of the states and government • Voting is universal and compulsory for ages 18-70 • Voluntary voting is allowed for 16-17 year olds and those over 70

  28. Ethnic Groups

  29. Brazil Major Religious Systems • Largest Catholic country in the world • 73% is Catholic, but mostly by tradition, not by faith • Catholic Church and state have very close relationship • Catholic Holidays are public holidays

  30. Brazil Major Religious Systems • Federal Government supports religious educational institutes • Interior of Brazil is “folk Catholic” (includes beliefs and practices long abandoned in cities) • Varies from rural to urban cities • The faithful take vows to make a pilgrimage to honor the saint who fulfilled their request (like a recovery from an illness or getting a job). Then they will offer the saint a carved likeness of the body part that was cured.

  31. Brazil Major Religious Systems • African religions also in Brazil due to slaves and protestant nations. • Candomblé is most well-known, and is centered in Salvador • Originated from West Africa • Pentecostal churches becoming popular now, as well as charismatic Catholicism

  32. Language • Official Language = Portuguese • English, German, and French are popular 2nd languages

  33. Health • Life expectancy = 71 years old • 60% of population depends on public health care system • Excellent medical care is available in the cities to those who can afford it

  34. Education • Adult Literacy rate = 86.4% • 11 years of schooling is required

  35. Economy Per capita income GDP (purchasing power parity) • Brazil = $8,600 = $1.616 trillion • Guyana = $4,700 = $3.62 billion • U.S. = $43,500 = $12.98 trillion Currency • 1 Brazil real = 0.45634 U.S. dollars • 1 U.S. dollar = 2.19132 reals Major Sectorsagriculture: 8% industry: 38% services: 54%

  36. Economical Trends: Brazil • Brazil launched an initiative to make Northeastern states more prosperous, like southern states (want to elevate economies to same level) • Trying to get tourism rates to increase in the Northeast by a “brand identity” with their beaches, natural beauty, culture, and historic cities • Realized that fruits were an untapped resource and had potential for a major export industry. Now expanding market to North America.

  37. Social Trends: Brazil Physical Growth in Brazil • Mean heights at ages 7 and 22 are estimated for three group of males and females born around 1952, 1967 and 1982 • Modest height gains of around 1.0 cm per decade

  38. Social Trends: Brazil Health Care • The public health care sector is moving toward the purchaser-driven stage and away from the provider-driven stage. • Provider-driven is where quality is assumed • Purchaser-driven is where quality is ignored • Private sector is moving toward consumer-driven • Quality is demanded

  39. Political Trends in Brazil 1. Since the end of military rule in 1985, unionization, collective bargaining, and frequent strikes have become commonplace among federal employees in all three branches. 2. Prior to 1932, the national code didn’t allow women to vote. In 1932, the new national election code allowed women to vote in the May 1933 elections for the 1934 Constituent Assembly. 3. From 1945 to 1979, presidents had five-year terms. Following President Figueiredo's six-year term, the 1988 constitution again set the term at five years, but the 1994 constitutional revision reduced the mandate to four years.

  40. Technological Trends Microsoft vs. Linux 1. Brazil has become one of the world's most prominent battlegrounds of the Microsoft Windows versus Linux war • Linux is based on open source code that users can study and modify (as opposed to Microsoft's proprietary software). Brazil's government and citizens are moving towards Linux • In 2004 alone, 15 federal organizations adopted Linux. Saved US$11.8 million in licensing fees. The government estimates further switchovers could save up to $84 million.

  41. Technological Trends: Brazil 2. Brazil is moving away from their dependence upon imported energy sources and moving towards bringing digital technologies to Brazil. 3. Brazil is trying to develop modern health care services by importing much technology.

  42. Brazil The flag was designed by a painter named Decio Vilares. The white strip contains the inscription "Ordem e Progresso", meaning "Order and Progress. "

  43. Sources • "Brazilian Flag." Log on and Learn. 17 Feb. 2007 <http://www.english.wesli.com/cgi- bin/webbbs/culture/index.cgi?read=897>. • "Brazil." Ita. 17 Feb. 2007 <http://www.photius.com/countries/brazil/government/index.html>. • "Brazil." Technology. 18 Feb. 2007 <http://www.technologyreview.com/Biztech/14294/>. • "Brazil." The Word Factbook. 17 Feb. 2007 <https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/br.html>. • "Developing Countries Can Capitalize on Global Economic Trends." Consult. 18 Feb. 2007 <http://www.icfi.com/Publications/doc_files/Brazil.pdf>. • "Economic Situation and Prospects." Guyana. 17 Feb. 2007 <http://www.iadb.org/regions/re3/sep/gy-sep.htm>. • "Guyana." Encyclopedia Britannica. 18 Feb. 2007 <http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-26776/Guyana>. • "Guyana Facts and Figures." Carribeanlime Travel Services USA. 18 Feb. 2007 <http://www.caribbeanlime.com/guyana_facts_and_figures.htm>. • "Health Care Trends in Brazil and Other Latin American Countries." 18 Feb. 2007 <http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjmbr/v31n3/3075c.pdf>. • "Latin American Research Reviews." JSTOR. 17 Feb. 2007 <http://www.jstor.org/view/00238791/di000667/00p0004h/5?frame=noframe& userID=8dd20924@oakland.edu/01cce4406400501b7db45&dpi=3&config=jst or(courtesy of Kresge Library)>.

  44. Sources • "Media Statistics." NationMaster.Com. 18 Feb. 2007 <http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/med_tel_mai_lin_in_use_percap- main-lines-use-per-capita>. • "Medical Technology and Developing Countries: the Case of Brazil." PubMed. 18 Feb. 2007 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Med&list_uids=3733305&dopt=Citation>. • "Secular Growth Trends in Brazil Over Three Decades." PubMed. 17 Feb. 2007 <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pub Med&list_uids=8080238&dopt=Abstract>. • "The Guyana Economy: an Overview." Investment Guide. 17 Feb. 2007 <http://guyana.chemonics.net/InvestGuide_econo_over.htm>. • "THE STATE OF ECONOMIC FREEDOM IN GUYANA." 18 Feb. 2007 <http://www.guyana.org/Economy/st_of_econ.htm>. • "Trends." The Communication Initiative. 17 Feb. 2007 <http://www.comminit.com/trends/ctrends2006/trends-286.html>.

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