Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

1. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

2. Child’s Libido (Psychic Energy) • Fuels thought processes, perception, imagination, memory, sexual urges • Focuses on particular stages until it is resolved • If a person experienced a problem during a stage, s/he will become FIXATED in that stage

3. Stages NOT THAT KIND OF STAGE!!!!

4. Oral Stage • Pleasure in sucking, biting, chewing

5. Mother lacks ability/refuses to feed on demand • Pessimism • Envy • Suspicion • sarcasm

6. Overindulgence • Optimism • Gullible • Admiration for others

7. Weaned too early • Fixation later in life • Putting objects in mouth • Smoking • overeating

8. Anal Stage • 2-3 years old • Experiences restriction of impulses through potty training • If child puts up fight → malicious personality

9. I know it sounds a bit crazy…… But really think about it.

10. Ifparent is lenient/ child is unable to derive pleasure & success from expulsion; potty-training isn’t encouraged or happens off & on • Child becomes (anal expulsive): • Messy • Disorganized • Careless • Defiant • Reckless

11. If Potty Training occurs to early • Anal retentive • Neat • Precise • Orderly • Stingy • Withholding

12. Phallic Stage • 3-6 years old • Interest in genital region (transfer of libido energy from anal to genital region)

13. Oedipus Complex (boys) • Greek Tragedy: Oedipus kills his father & marries his mother • Desire to possess opposite-sex parent • Boy falls in love w/mother; develops hatred for father • In order for boy to possess mother; he becomes as much like father as possible • When boy realizes that mother/women have no penis; he is struck by fear that his father will remove his (castration anxiety)

14. continued • Castration anxiety outstrips his desire for his mother • Boy moves into appropriate sexual role in life • Passes in latency stage (libidal dormancy)

15. Electra Complex (girl) • Girl discovers that she along w/ mother lack penis (which father/men have) • Love for father becomes envious • Blames mother for perceived castration (penis envy) • In attempt to possess father “vicariously” she learns her appropriate sexual role

16. Failure to resolve could cause person to be afraid or incapable of close love --- according to Freud! • At this point, please read the Oedipus Complex Case Study… discuss as a class… and keep in mind, this is the ONLY case study that Freud used to develop his theory!!!

17. Moving into the Next Stage • On a sheet of paper, please write the name of your “childhood” best friend. • Share with the class. • What trends to your recognize?

18. Moving into the Latency Stage • Trends? • Do a majority of you have childhood best friends of the same sex? • Are they still your best friend today? • If the answer is no to the previous question… why? (what types of “things” got in the way?)

19. Latency Stage • 6-puberty • Not a psychosexual stage • Sexual drive is dormant • Little need for satisfaction • Energy is transmitted to: • School • Athletics • Same sex relationships • According to Freud this is why, many of our childhood best friends are of the same sex…

20. Genital Stage • Puberty • Focus on heterosexual relationships • The more energy a child has to concentrate on this stage; the greater the capacity to develop normal opposite sex relationships • This is the stage where many of our “childhood” friendships begin to change…

21. Carl Jung • 3 Levels of Consciousness: • Ego: conscious level; carries out daily activities; like Freud’s Conscious • Personal Unconscious: individual’s thoughts, memories, wishes, impulses; like Freud’s Preconscious + Unconscious • Collective Unconscious: storehouse of memories inherited from the common ancestors of the whole human race; no counterpart in Freud’s theory

22. Jung’s Collective Unconscious • It contains archetypes, emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning. • Archetypes cause us to respond in certain ways to common human experiences.

23. Archetypes • – Inherited tendencies and predispositions within the collective unconscious that dispose a person to behave similarly to ancestors who confronted similar situations • – Experience archetypes as emotions associated with significant life events such as birth, adolescence, marriage, and death or with extreme reactions to danger

24. Quick Activity • Class discussion: write these on the board… • What are your favorite tv shows, video games, and movies? (make an extensive list) --- the more who participate the better!!! • Now, go around the room, and list on the board, the components that those tv shows, video games, and movies have that make them appealing… • In other words… why do you like them?

25. Connection b/t Jung and our “likings” • You will see a “trend” between Jung’s archetypes (discussed in the next few slides) and our “desires” that are necessary to categorize shows, movies, and games as being “good!” • Wait and see…

26. Additional Archetypes • Persona: your public personality, aspects of yourself that you reveal to others. This is the mask that we wear • Influenced by profession • Influenced by what the “public” says we should be • Conscious • Jung theorizes that if we equate our ENTIRE personality to the “persona” that we will live an “unhappy” life

27. Additional Archetypes 2. Shadow: prehistoric fear of wild animals, represents animal side of human nature. * dark side; contains animal & sexual instinct * repressed from the EGO ideal * seen as symbolic representation of devils, demons, evil spirits (Mr. Hyde, Darth Vader, the Joker) * Get to know the shadow through * dreams, slips of the tongue, etc.

28. Why should we get to know the Shadow? • It provides us w/ the capacity to control our anger… because we become aware of it • Gives us a “healthy” mistrust of others • Gives us a sense of humor • Gives us a sense of understanding & forgiveness

29. Additional Archetypes 3. Anima: feminine archetype in men. * predisposes men to understand the nature of women * feminine voice within the psyche * shows up in moods… guys  4. Animus: masculine archetype in women. * predisposes women to understand the nature of men * masculine voice within the psyche * shows up in opinions… ladies  Others: God, Hero, Nurturing Mother, Wise Old Man, Wicked Witch, Devil, Powerful Father.

30. ARCHETYPES!!! Aren’t these archetypes the things that make a movie a great movie, a video game a great game, and a tv show a great tv show? Why do you think the “Friends” lasted so long??

31. Basic Personality Orientations • Introversion: focused inward; the person is cautious, shy, timid, reflective. • When you are dealing with the world inside ourself • Extroversion: focused outward; the person is outgoing, sociable, assertive, energetic. • When you are dealing with the world outside ourself

32. Mental Functions • How to gather information: • Sensing: experiencing the world through the senses without interpreting or evaluating it. • Perceives data in a literal, concrete fashion • Intuiting: relating directly to the world without physical sensation, reasoning, or interpretation. • Generates abstract possibilities from information that is gathered

33. Mental Functions • How to make decisions: • Thinking: naming and interpreting experience. • Making a decision based on logic, reason, fairness • Feeling: evaluating an experience for its emotional worth to us. • Making a decision based on your “value” system

34. Mental Functions • Attitudes toward external world & how we live our lives on a day-to-day basis • Judging: want things to be neat, orderly, and established • Perceiving: want things to be flexible & spontaneous • People with strong Judging preferences might have a hard time accepting people with strong Perceiving preferences, & visa-versa; however a “mixed” couple (one Perceiving & one Judging) can complement each other very well, IF they have developed themselves enough to be able to “accept” each other

35. The Concept of Self • The self is the fully developed personality. • • It is attained by balancing and integrating all parts of the personality. • • Jung was the forerunner of the humanistic movement, with its emphasis on self-actualization Online Personality Test http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/JTypes2.asp

36. Alfred Adler • Basic Human Motivation: • •Drive for Superiority, the desire for self-improvement, an “upward drive” for perfection. • • Basic Human Problem: • •Inferiority Complex, extreme feelings of weakness or inadequacy; involves an inability to accept natural limitations.

37. Inferiority Complex • An Inferiority Complex occurs when the need for self-improvement is blocked. • Feelings of inferiority are a natural part of personality development. They start in childhood when we compare ourselves to adults and continue into adulthood when we discover limitations to our abilities. • • The natural and healthy reaction to inferiority feelings is Compensation,efforts to overcome real or imagined inferiority by developing one’s abilities.

38. COMPENSATION • “TO BE A MAN MEANS TO SUFFER FROM AN INFERIORITY FEELING WHICH CONSTANTLY DRIVES HIM TO OVERCOME IT.” -- Alfred adler, the meaning of life

39. Healthy Versus Unhealthy Processes Healthy Process: • Compensation Self -Improvement Unhealthy Process: • Compensation Inferiority Complex • Inferiority Complex leads toward Overcompensation: Trying to appear stronger by striving for power, putting other people down, or showing off; hypersensitive about self-esteem

40. Adler Versus Freud • For Freud, a person’s primary motivation was sexual pleasure; people were similar to animals and machines: driven by natural forces with no say in what they did. • For Adler, the primary motivation was self-perfection and equality with others; the emphasis was on what made people differentfrom animals and machines: goals, values, free will.

41. Adler • "Heredity and environment provide the bricks; the final form of the building is up to us". • The building’s form is our Style of Life: the goals we have chosen and the ways we pursue them, our values and priorities, how we see people and events, and our everyday habits.