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Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous. prezentare. Schema . Afirmativ: S + had + been + V-ing… Negativ: S + had + not + been + V-ing… Interogativ: Had + S + been + V-ing…? Expresii specifice: By (p â n ă , p â n ă la) By the time (p â n ă cand) Until (p â n ă ; p â n ă c â nd) Before (inainte)

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Past Perfect Continuous

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  1. Past Perfect Continuous prezentare

  2. Schema • Afirmativ: S + had + been + V-ing… • Negativ: S + had + not + been + V-ing… • Interogativ: Had + S + been + V-ing…? Expresii specifice: • By (până, până la) • By the time (până cand) • Until (până; până când) • Before (inainte) • Since, for…etc.

  3. utilizare • Exprima o actiune trecuta care s-a desfasurat pe o perioada de timp inaintea unui moment trecut sau a altei actiuni trecute. • Prima actiune (sau actiuni simultane) care se desfasoara cronologic se pun cu Past Perfect Continuous. Urmatoarea actiune (sau actiuni) desfasurate cronologic se pun cu Past Simple. • Se poate traduce cu mai-mult-ca-perfectul din romana (ex. “mancase”), dar si cu perfectul compus (ex. “a mancat”).

  4. exemple • Era somnoros atunci pentru ca se uitase (s-a uitat) la filme toata noaptea. • He was sleepy then because he had been watching films all night long. Observatie: Prima actiune desfasurata cronologic este “a se uita” (deci Past Perfect Continuous), care este anterioara actiunii de “a fi somnoros”. Cu alte cuvinte, actiunea de “a se uita” este anterioara actiunii de “a fi somnoros”.

  5. exemple • O asteptase (a asteptat-o) aproape o ora inainte ca ea sa vina. • He had been waiting for her for almost an hour before she came. Observatie: Prima actiune desfasurata cronologic este “a astepta”(deci Past Perfect Continuous), urmatoarea este “a veni” (deci Past Simple). Cu alte cuvinte, actiunea de “a astepta” este anterioara actiunii de “a veni”.

  6. exemple • Andy a incercat sa repare masina timp de 20 de minute pana cand a sosit mecanicul. • Andy had been trying to fix the car for twenty minutes by the time the mechanic arrived. Observatie: Prima actiune desfasurata cronologic este “a incerca”(deci Past Perfect Continuous), urmatoarea este “a sosi” (deci Past Simple). Cu alte cuvinte, actiunea de “a incerca” este anterioara actiunii de “a sosi”.

  7. Atentie! • Chiar daca situatia comunicata cere un Past Perfect Continuous, totusi, daca verbul are restrictie la un timp continuu, atunci se pune Past Perfect Simple.

  8. Verbe care NU pot fi folosite la un timp continuu • Verbele de perceptie (to see, to taste, to smell, to hear etc.) • Alte verbe ca: to be, to have, to think, to believe, to love, to like, to hate, to know,to understand, to want, to prefer, to mean, to seem, to belong, to remember…etc. • pentru detalii vezi prezentarea Present Simple/Continuous (diferente)

  9. exemplu • Il cunoscusem de mult timp inainte ca el sa ma ceara de sotie. • I had known him for a long time before he proposed to me. Observatie: Actiunea “a cunoaste” este desfasurata pe o perioada de timp inaintea actiunii “a cere de sotie”, insa NU putem folosi Past Perfect Continuous pentru ca verbul “to know” NU poate fi folosit la un timp continuu.

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