Renewable Energy Sources

1. Renewable Energy Sources By: Caleb Adcock & Tyler Myers

2. Agenda • What are Fossil Fuels • Renewable energy • Hydro • Solar • Wind • New York Times

3. How It’s Made-Fossil Fuels • Paleozoic Era • Formed in Carboniferous Period 360-286 million years ago • Swamp land and the sea • huge trees, ferns and other large leafy plants • Water & Seas filled with algae • Formation of Peat • Covered by sand and clay (sedimentary rock) (“Energy Story”)

4. Types of Fossil Fuels • 3 Types of Coal • Anthracite-hardest and contain most carbon • Lignite-softest and is low in carbon • Bituminous- middle • Mining methods • Underground or 'deep' mining • Surface or 'opencast' mining • How its burned • Creating a slurry • Pipelines “coal” google.com Web 16 Nov. 2013. (“Energy Story”) (“Coal Mining”)

5. Types of Fossil Fuels cont. • Crude oil (petroleum) • Formed over 300 million years ago • Replace whale oil in lamps • Obtaining • Distilling coal into a liquid or by skimming it off of lakes (old) • Land & Offshore drilling (today) • California oil • 18 of the 58 counties. • Roughly half U.S. oil from California • Other 50% obtained from outside countries (most Middle East) “oil” google.com Web 16 Nov. 2013. (“Energy Story”)

6. Types of Fossil Fuels cont. • Natural Gas properties • lighter than air • highly flammable • Mostly methane gas • Oder less • Location & Usage • Near petroleum underground (“natural gas”) naturalgas.org Web 16 Nov. 2013. (“Energy Story”) (“Natural gas”)

7. Fossil Fuels Pros & Cons Disadvantages Advantages • Non-Renewable (partially) • Damaging to nature • Explosions & Fires • Produce Large Amount of Energy • Abundantly Available • Low Cost “pros&cons” google.com Web 27 Oct. 2013.

8. What is Renewable Energy? • Energy generated from natural resources • Technologies: • Solar Cells, Wind Turbines, hydroelectricity/micro hydro, biomass and biofuels for transportation. (DingbatsMusicVideos) ("What Is Renewable Energy?“)

9. Hydroelectric Power ("Hydroelectric Power“)

10. Hydroelectric Power Construction Steps • Find river with a strong current flow • Buy/Obtain all the land around flood plane • Redirect the river while the is being built • Stop water flow completely to create lake • Open penstock • Create power ("Hydroelectric Power“)

11. Hydroelectric Power ("Do the Math“)

12. Hydroelectric Power

13. Hydroelectric Magazine article

14. Energy Why Not Use It? “The sunlight falling on the United States in one day contains more than twice the energy we consume in an entire year.“ (“Energy Story”) (John7108) (Darvill)

15. Solar Panels • Convert energy into electricity • “Photoelectric effect: the ability of matter to emit electrons when a light is shone on it” (“How do solar cells work”) • Silicon- semiconductor • n-type silicon-positively charged • p-type silicon-negatively charged “Solar Cells” google.com Web 16 Nov. 2013.

16. Conversation on Solar Panels “In a recent conversation with my friend, we discussed different ways solar panels could be constructed in order to effectively capture the sun’s rays. She suggested creating large round solar panels and placing them in desserts across the United States and other countries. However, after I informed her of how rectangle shaped panels consume more solar rays and the price differences associated between the two, she changed her mind. We also discussed various ways to create houses which would pay for themselves. A few topics included solar heated homes, smart grid technology and environmentally friendly appliances.” (Myers)

17. 3 Ways the Sun Can Help you (Solarnetwork)

18. Federal Tax Credit for Solar Energy • Environmental Protection Agency & Department of Energy-Energy Star program • “If you install Energy Star-approved solar-power systems before the end of 2016, you can claim 30 percent of the cost as a tax credit for the year you installed it.” (“Federal Tax“) • What can you claim it for? • primary residence, vacation home, and existing structure or new construction. • Rental properties-live in the house for part of the year and use it as a rental. (exception) • How to Claim the credit • File IRS Form 5695 as part of tax return • Bigger credit than income tax due–($3,000 credit on a $2,500 tax bill) • Carry credit over as far as 2016

19. Police in Chilmark Probe Solar Panel Heist at Farm “Chilmark police are investigating the theft of 21 solar panels from the Grey Barn on South Road stolen sometime over Presidents Day weekend. According to the police report, the crate containing the panels weighed over 1,000 pounds. The 270-watt panels are valued at $14,000. Farm owners Eric and Molly Glasgow are currently outfitting their four new barns with solar panels, about 300 of which have already been installed.” (“Stolen Solar Panels”) “solar panels” google.com Web 15 Nov. 2013.

20. Fun In the Sun (GiovanniDraftfcb)

21. Solar Power Pros & Cons Disadvantages Advantages • Renewable • Accessible in remote places • Handy for low-power uses • Night time/no sun • Expensive power stations • Need sunny conditions

22. Wind Energy ("Wind Power“)

23. Wind Energy Cost • The costs for a utility scale wind turbine in 2012 range from about $1.3 million to $2.2 million per MW of nameplate capacity installed • Wind turbines under 100 kilowatts cost roughly $3,000 to $8,000 per kilowatt of capacity. • A 10 kilowatt machine might have an installed cost of $50,000-$80,000

24. Wind Energy Brochure (“Wind Power Involved”)

25. Wind Energy

26. Conclusion • Fossil fuels need to be replaced • Green energy should be encouraged • Sustainable energy resources need to be maximized • Solar, Hydroelectric, and Wind power are good alternatives • New renewable resources need to be discovered

27. New York Times

28. Sources • "Coal Mining." World Coal Association. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. • Darvill, Andy. “Energy Resource” darvill.clara.net 28 Oct. 2013. Web. 2 Nov. 2013. • "Do the Math." Do the Math. physics.ucsd.edu N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2013. • GiovanniDraftfcb, “NIVEA Solar Ad Charger” YouTube. YouTube, 28 May 2013. Web. 6 Nov. 2013. • “Energy Story” California Energy Commission .energyquest.ca.gov Web. 28 Oct. 2013. • "Federal Tax Credit for Solar Energy." - TurboTax® Tax Tips & Videos. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. • “How do solar cells work” U.S. Department of Energy physics.org Web. 18 Nov. 2013. • "Hydroelectric Power." TVA:. tva.gov. Tennessee Valley Authority, n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. • John7108, “HAIL - The Return of the Sun” YouTube. YouTube, 26 Sep. 2006. Web. 6 Nov. 2013. • Katusa, Marin. "Hydroelectric Revolution: A River Runs Through It." Forbes.com N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. • Myers, Tyler “Solar panel conversation” conversation 16 Nov. 2013. • "NaturalGas" NaturalGas.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. • Revkin, Andrew C. "Can Wind, Water and Sunlight Power New York by 2050?" Dot Earth Can Wind Water and Sunlight Power New York by 2050 Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2013. • Solarnetwork, “SOLAR -- POWER OF THREE” YouTube. YouTube, 5 July 2008. Web. 6 Nov. 2013. • “Stolen Solar Panels” Police in Chilmark Probe Solar Panel Heist at Farm mvgazette.com 3 Mar. 2011. Web. 2 Nov. 2013. • "What Is Renewable Energy?" Renewable and Alternative Energy (Penn State Extension). N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2013. • "Wind Power." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. 21 Nov. 2013. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. • “Wind Power Involved.” Avviona. acciona-energia.com. N.p. n.d. Web. Nov. 23 2013.