Ancient Egypt

1. Ancient Egypt By: Samantha Hicks and OlyaFledderman

2. Egyptian religion • The Egyptians had strong beliefs. Two important gods of the Egyptians were Osiris, god of the Nile, and Isis, god of fertility. The Egyptians believed in many gods. They believed that many things held power. They worshipped gods of the stars, stones, and water. Each city or town had its own god or goddess. The local gods weren't not worshipped. They were thought of as someone to bargain with for favors. If you wanted your crops to grow, or wanted to heal an illness, you would take food or clothing to the local temple. The priest would take the offering and pray in a special language to the gods. They took the beliefs very serious.

3. Civilization • The Egyptian pyramids are the most famous of all the ancient monuments • The Egyptians also believed that the body and soul were important to human existence • No other civilization has so captured the imagination of scholars and laypeople alike.

4. Old kingdoms • The old kingdoms were built for royals • They were also for the mummies to be buried in.

5. Menes • 3110 - 2884 BC Menes joined Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom with the capitol at Memphis • Memes united Upper and Lower Egypt. He stopped the fighting and created a government that lasted many years.

6. pharaoh • The pharaoh was the supreme ruler of Ancient Egypt. • The people of Egypt considered the pharaoh to be a half-man, half-god. • The pharaoh owned all of Egypt. • During times of severe draught the pharaoh would give some of this grain to the hungry Egyptians.

7. Ramses the Great • 1279 - 1213 BC begins building projects • including his mortuary temple The Ramesseum • Ramesses III was one of the greatest kings • Ramesses the III

8. Mummification and burial • Anubis was one of the most important gods. He was the god of mummification. He had a human body and the head of a jackal. Anubis was the son of the god Nephthys. His job was to prepare the bodies of the dead to be received by Osiris.

9. Osiris • wrapped as a mummy - god of vegetation and the underworld (death

10. Anubis • jackal-headed god; god of the dead person; guardian of tombs and pyramids

11. Isis • symbol is a throne - Osiris's wife and mother of Horus" - goddess of maternal love

12. Horus • head of a falcon and carried an ankh in his right hand - son of Isis and Osiris who defeated his uncle Seth in battle and became ruler over Egypt; sky god, god of light and heaven

13. Amon re (ray) • most powerful god of Egypt in New Kingdom; bringer of life - sun

14. Art writing and science • On the walls of the pyramid werThey show scenes from every action of life. Some are of people having fun, working, and worshipping. • Much of the art shows figures who are part-human and part animal. They represent the gods and goddesses

15. Daliy life • In the Egyptian family the father was responsible for providing for his family. The mother stayed home and raised the children. Small children and other female relatives lived in a special part of the house. Much of the children's time was spent in training for their adulthood. By age four the children would help their parents in the field or train as craftsmen.

16. Hieroglyphics • 3200 BC was when hieroglyphics were made. • Hieroglyphics are an early form of writing using phonograms, logograms and determinatives arranged in horizontal and vertical lines.

17. Pyramids • Altogether there were about 80 pyramids built for kings of Egypt. • The Egyptians believed that if the pharaoh's body could be mummified after death the pharaoh would live forever. They believed people in heaven lived the same as people on earth except without any problems.

18. Teaching on the afterlife • The ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife. The afterlife was a heaven or a place, complete with a heavenly Nile River. The ancient Egyptians called this the land of the Two Fields • The reasons that Osiris was such a famous and important god in ancient Egypt is that Osiris opened the door to the afterlife to every one. • To keep your heart light, ancient Egyptians believed you had to spend lifetime doing good deeds.

19. Women and children • Egyptians played with dolls, balls, tops, animal toys, and board games which were similar to checkers. All toys were hand made. Dolls were made of cloth and clay. Balls were made by wrapping linen rags around each other. • The mother would take care of her kids and make the meals.

20. Clothes • The Egyptians wore very simple clothing. The clothes were made of linen. • The rich wore finely woven linen while the workers wore a more durable material. • Many times they wore no clothing. • Only the royals wore gold.

21. Appearance and customs Cosmetics were also an important part of the Egyptian lifestyle. Both men and women wore eye makeup. It was believed the makeup had magical and even healing powers. Some even believed that wearing it would restore poor eyesight.

22. Book of the dead • In late times the pharaoh was buried with maps of the underworld, charms, and spells. These were written on the walls of the tomb or on decorated papyrus scrolls. These have become known as Pyramid Texts, Coffin Texts, or if written on papyrus as The Books of the Dead. The Egyptians believed these writings had the power to lead the dead safely past demons and monsters into the presence of the gods.