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ARE NATIONAL WATER AND SANITATION OBJECTIVES BEING ACHIEVED BY DISTRICTS IN UGANDA?. A review of service delivery, planning monitoring & evaluation in Tororo and Wakiso Districts. Introduction. WSS a key priority of government Major reforms (decentralisation, DRA, SWAP)
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ARE NATIONAL WATER AND SANITATION OBJECTIVES BEING ACHIEVED BY DISTRICTS IN UGANDA? A review of service delivery, planning monitoring & evaluation in Tororo and Wakiso Districts
Introduction • WSS a key priority of government • Major reforms (decentralisation, DRA, SWAP) • Integrated into the PEAP (the PRSP) • Coherent goals and strategies (excl sanitation) • Substantial increases in funding since 1998 BUT Q: Are WSS goals being achieved on the ground? • Examine the rural water & sanitation sector • Equity and Sustainability of services in 2 districts • Analysis of Planning and M&E Systems A: Increasing inequity the deeper you dig
Water and Sanitation Situation in Local Government • National Safe water coverage from 39% in 97 to 51 % in 2003 • District variations from 25% to 75% safe water coverage • Coverage currently calculated only at district • base on population served by existing water points (e.g. 300 per borehole) What about equity and sustainability? What about lower levels?
Equity Analysis • Calculated Water Point Density • Across subcounties in district • Across parishes in 2 subcounties per district • Calculated standard deviation and compared it to the mean water point density DISTRICT Subcounty Parish Village
Sustainability Analysis • Reported Functionality of Water Points • 3.5% not functioning Tororo (questionable) • All functioning in Wakiso (not true) • Sustainability Snapshot: What is the likelihood of a water point to remain functioning in the future? • 2 Water points in each parish examined • Looked at finance, technical skills, spare parts and equipment • Focus group discussions • Well served parishes better prepared
What about Sanitation? • Sustaining good sanitation behaviour difficult • Deterioration since move away from project funding • Poor condition of facilities • Communities had limited information and no technical support • Ineffective strategy for household sanitation • Demanding guidelines
Problems in Planning • Guidelines are not followed in their entirety • No adequate indicator for equity to assist planning decisions • Geographical coverage inadequate • Only report on no. people served • Political influence in allocating water points • No incentives to adhere to guidelines • Community frustration • No feedback, Lack of understanding of roles • Capital contributions not enforced • Weak political commitment
Problems in M&E • Emphasis on vertical accountability not management and reporting to communities • Monitoring of condition of infrastructure only • Sanitation indicators too numerous and some difficult to measure • Lack of skills to undertake analysis • Poor integration of other players in the district • Difficulties in size and management of PAF • No structure performance measurement against national policies
Conclusions • Despite coherent policies, strategies and increased funding: “More for some, and none for some” • Refine LG planning & M&E • Use WP density + GIS maps in planning • Performance measurement of districts and subcounties • Align districts incentives to deliver on national goals
Overview of Sector Reforms • Decentralisation policy in 1997 • Key WSS policy Reforms • Rural Water and Sanitation responsibility decentralised to local government • Directorate of Water Development responsible for policies, planning & Quality assurance • Demand Responsive approach • Emphasis of software, including household sanitation • Participatory bottom up planning within districts
Overview of Sector Reforms (Cont.) • Increases in Financing • Gained from HIPC debt relief in 1997 and 2002 • Donors moved from project to budget support • 10 x increase in GoU sector funding from $3million to $31 million • Significant increases for rural water supply to local governments as earmarked conditional grants • Move towards SWAP • Development of Sub-sector strategies & plans • Donor coordination mechanisms