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We are Chahta. Choctaw Artifacts. Choctaw Oral History. Ryan L. Spring, Historic Preservation Dept. Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. Nvnih Waiya. Echospace.org. Nvnih Waiya Cave. Gritsandsoul.blogspot.com. Creation of the Black Belt Prairie. Asclepias viridis. Silphium tet.
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We are Chahta Choctaw Artifacts Choctaw Oral History Ryan L. Spring, Historic Preservation Dept. Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
Nvnih Waiya Echospace.org
Nvnih Waiya Cave Gritsandsoul.blogspot.com
Creation of the Black Belt Prairie Asclepiasviridis Silphiumtet Liatrisaspera mississippientomologicalmuseum.org
Creation of the Black Belt Prairie American Mastodon Nan ishtpela smithsonianmag.com
Chukka (House) National Anthropological Archives Bushnell 1909
ChahtaOhoyoImIshtAhalaia(Choctaw Women’s Responsibilities) • Life-givers • Foundation of the community • Home-owners • Agricultural producers • Domestic activities Bushnell 1909
+ - ChahtaLukfi Nan Isht Toba(Choctaw Pottery)
Ohoyo Osh Chishba naturemappingfoundation.org Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450
+ - Tapushik(River Cane Basket) Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma Council House Museum National Museum of the American Indian National Museum of the American Indian Emerson's Magazine 1857 NO Mkt Museum of the Red River
+ ChahtaHattakImIshtAhalaia(Choctaw Men’s Responsibilities) • Hunting • Protecting the community • Playing Stickball • Interacting with other groups • Doing heaviest work • Serving as orators/historians Bushnell 1909
Uskihlumpa (Blowgun) Shomonaki (Dart)
Tapena (War Club) Uskibashbo (Cane knife)
+ - Ititanampo (Bow) Uskinaki (Arrow)
IssiOwvtta(Deer Hunts) De Bry 1591 Ruby Bolding 2011 Du Pratz 1758
+ ChahtaIshtaboli(Choctaw Stickball) “Tullock-chish-ko, Drinks the Juice of the Stone” George Catlin 1834-1835 Choctaw Stickball Player George Catlin 1834 Mosholeika (to put out)
HobachitIkbi(Colonization) • Spanish, French, English, United States • Thousands of Choctaw died from disease and war • Land base reduced by 99.84% • Ecosystem destruction • Choctaw family and governmental structures altered • Tribe fragmented • Language, people, and traditional knowledge marginalized Hererra y Tordesilla1615)
Tvnvp(Warfare) De Bry 1591
YakniAwehli(The Taking of Land) After DeRosier 1970:29
NishkinOkchi Í Hinoshi(Trail of Tears) Bossieu 1847
HobachitIkbi(Assimilation) National Anthropological Archives Gast 1872
FalvmmintIshi(Recovery) • A reassertion of sovereignty and self-determination • Development of Tribal social programs • Culture camps • Language classes • Tribal fairs • Revival of Choctaw Stomp Dance • Revival of Choctaw Pottery • Revival of Stickball • Southeastern Native Seed Bank • Rehabilitation of Mississippi canebrakes • Recovery of Nvnih Waiya