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Integumentary System

Integumentary System. Covering and Lining Membranes. composed of epithelium bound to an underlying connective tissue. Mucous membranes: line body cavities that are open to the outside. Cutaneous membrane: the skin Serous membranes: line closed ventral body cavities.

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Integumentary System

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  1. Integumentary System

  2. Covering and Lining Membranes • composed of epithelium bound to an underlying connective tissue. • Mucous membranes: line body cavities that are open to the outside. • Cutaneous membrane: the skin • Serous membranes: line closed ventral body cavities. • Parietal layer- lines the body cavity • Visceral layer covers the organ • Serous fluid serves as lubricant between the layers.

  3. Skin functions • protection of deeper tissue from chemicals, bacteria, injury, and drying • regulation of body temperature through radiation and sweating • synthesis of defensive proteins and vitamin D. • The cutaneous sensory receptors are located in the skin. • *Forms a waterproof, stretchy, washable coat that repairs itself when damaged.

  4. Skin Structure • Epidermis • superficial • made of stratified squamousepis (contains keratin and lacks blood vessels.) • Surface cells are dead and continually flake off and are replaced by division of cells in the basal layer. • Melanin, a pigment produced by melanocytes, protects the nuclei of epithelial cells from damaging rays of the sun. • Dermis • composed of dense connective tissue. • site of blood vessels, nerves, and epidermal appendages. • has two regions, the papillary and reticular layers. The papillary layer has ridges, which produce fingerprints.

  5. Appendages of the Skin Formed from the epidermis but reside in the dermis. • Sebaceous glands – oil glands. Produce sebum (keeps skin and hair soft and healthy). Usually connected by a duct into a hair follicle. • Sweat (sudoriferous) glands, under the control of the nervous system, produce sweat, which is connected by ducts to the epithelial surface. Aid in heat-regulation. • Hair -primarily dead keratinized cells produced by the hair bulb. • Nails -hornlike derivatives of the epidermis. Primarily dead keratinized cells.

  6. Homeostatic Imbalances of the Skin • Infections and Allergies • The most common skin disorders. • Ex: ringworm is fungal, staph is bacterial, nail fungus, and allergic reactions to poison ivy.

  7. Burns • result in loss of body fluids and invasion of bacteria • represent a major threat to the body. • The severity of the burn depends on the depth of tissue destruction.

  8. Burns, Cont. ◘first-degree epidermal damage only ◘ second-degree epidermal and some dermal injury ◘ third-degree epidermis and dermis totally destroyed **Third-degree burns require skin grafts.

  9. Skin Cancer ◘ most common cause is exposure to ultraviolet radiation. ◘ Cure of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma is complete if they are removed before melanoma, a cancer of melanocytes, forms. It is still fairly rare but is fatal in about half the cases.

  10. Developmental Aspects of Skin • The skin is thick, resilient and hydrated in youth, but loses elasticity and thins as aging occurs. • Balding and/or graying occurs with aging. Both have genetic links, but can result from other factors such as drugs, emotional stress, etc.

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