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Explore the founding and growth of the Maryland, Carolina, and Georgia colonies in the early 17th century. Learn about wealthy landowners, Catholics seeking refuge, indentured servants, plantations, and the exploration of the Backcountry. Discover the impact of key figures like Lord Baltimore and Daniel Boone on the Southern Colonies.
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The Maryland Colony was founded by the Calverts • Wealthy • Land owners • Catholics • Wanted a refuge for Catholics • Wanted to make money
George Calvert: Lord Baltimore • Died before the charter was granted Cecilus Calvert: new Lord Baltimore He called the new colony Maryland Chose his brother Leonard to be governor The Calverts planned for the colony and learned from their Jamestown experience. 1633: Sent first group of colonists to the colony. Most of the colonists were indentured servants and Catholic
Farming in Maryland Fertile Soil Mild Climate Tobacco grew well along the Coastal Plain Farms/Plantations Farms were owned by most colonist or former indentured servants… hard work Plantations Owned by very few, but made them wealthy Indentured Servants After their servitude was complete the government gave them land, clothes, tools, and barrels of corn.
Southern Colonies Map Maryland Chesapeake Bay
Carolina Colonies • In 1633 King Charles II (England’s New King) granted a charter for a new colony called Carolina. Lords Propietors 8 English Lords were placed in charge of the colony. They adopted a written constitution giving land to free white male colonists The constitution gave some powers to the clonists and most to the Lord Proprietors and the King.
Carolina Constitution • Carolina too hard to govern: • Causes: Effect: • Too large Split the colony into • Colonists didn’t follow laws they didn’t like North Carolina & • Land was very different South Carolina
North Carolina • North Carolina • Land: Hilly, grew tobacco and corn South Carolina South Carolina Land: Too wet, Africans brought knowledge of the rice crop
Georgia England, France, and Spain all claimed the land that was south of the Carolina colonies. King George II knew he needed to send colonists to defend the land. James Oglethorpe, a wealthy leader in England, suggested sending people that were in England in prison for debts. This would give these people a second chance as well. They called the new colony (The last of the 13) Georgia , after the king. In the beginning Georgia didn’t allow slavery so most were all small farms. In 1751 slavery was allowed and the enslaved Africans and the plantations caused the economy to grow. Georgia Video clip
Great Wagon Road • Most people lived along the Coastal Plain. • Blocking the way past the Coastal Plain were the Blue Ridge Mountains. • The country behind the mountains and Coastal Plains was called “The Backcountry”. • Settlers followed a Native American trail over the mountains using covered wagons to bring their household goods.
Daniel Boone • More than any other man, Daniel Boone was responsible for the exploration and settlement of Kentucky. His grandfather came from England to America in 1717. His father was a weaver and blacksmith, and he raised livestock in the country near Reading, Pennsylvania. Daniel was born there on November 2, 1734. If Daniel Boone was destined to become a man of the wild, an explorer of unmapped spaces, his boyhood was the perfect preparation. He came to know the friendly Indians in the forests, and early he was marking the habits of wild things and bringing them down with a crude whittled spear. When he was twelve his father gave him a rifle, and his career as a huntsman began. • When he was fifteen, the family moved to the Yadkin Valley in North Carolina, a trek that took over a year. At nineteen or twenty he left his family home with a military expedition in the French and Indian War. There he met John Finley, a hunter who had seen some of the western wilds, who told him stories that set him dreaming. But Boone was not quite ready to pursue the explorer's life. Back home on his father's farm he began courting a neighbor's daughter, Rebecca Bryan, and soon they were married. • In 1767 Boone traveled into the edge of Kentucky and camped for the winter at Salt Spring near Prestonsburg. But the least explored parts were still farther west, beyond the Cumberlands, and John Finley persuaded him to go on a great adventure. • On May 1, 1769, Boone, Finley, and four other men, started out. They passed Cumberland Gap and on the 7th of June, they set up camp at Station Camp creek. It was nearly two years before Boone returned home, and during that time he explored Kentucky as far west as the Falls of the Ohio, where Louisville is now. There was another visit to Kentucky in 1773, and in 1774 he built a cabin at Harrodsburg. On this trip, Boone followed the Kentucky River to its mouth.
Conflicts with Native Americans Tuscarora War In North Carolina, for example, German and Swiss settlers destroyed the Tuscarora village to build a new settlement. Some colonists believed that the remaining Native Americans were not treated justly, either. One settler said that the other colonists had, “cheated these Indians in trading, and would not allow them to hunt near their plantations. . . .” In 1711, their land losses caused the Tuscarora to attack several settlements. The Tuscarora hoped to scare off the settlers, but their attacks led to the Tuscarora War. When the war finally ended in 1713, about 950 Tuscarora had been either killed or captured and sold into slavery. Settlers in the Southern Colonies kept pushing Native Americans off their lands. Some were captured and sent to the West Indies to work on sugarcane plantations. Others died fighting the colonists over land or trade. Even peaceful Native American groups died in large numbers from European diseases such as smallpox and measles. • Thousands of Native Americans lived on the land the colonists were settling. • Cherokee, Creek, and Powhatan, and other tribes.
Lesson 2: Life in the South Africans were captured, enslaved and sold to plantations in North America, South America, and the Caribbean. The slaves were used for work on the plantations and homes.
Enslaved Workers • First Africans most likely went to Virginia • 1st they used indentured servants then more workers were needed • Colonial governments made slavery illegal • By the mid-1700’s slavery was legal in every colony • Children belonging to slaves were also considered property or slaves • Families were often broke apart and sold to different owners
Enslaved Africans • How slaves were treated depended on their owners • Many were beaten and abused • Very difficult to escape, but they continued trying • Punishment for rebellion was harsh. • Kept culture alive by telling stories and singing songs
Farming Economy • The Plantation owners of the Southern Colonies were very wealthy from growing the cash crops • The plantation owners did not work with the enslaved workers. • An overseer watched and supervised the enslaved workers • No slaves were allowed to learn to read or write
Plantation Life • Many plantations were like small towns that contained many buildings • The plantation owners lived away from all of the workers • Children were taught by private tutors
Life on Small farms • Could be owned by former indentured servants • If they had enslaved workers they would work with them, but they were not treated equally • Sometimes free Africans lived and worked on their own farms • Traveled for miles to reach a church for religion and social needs
Free Africans • Few were able to buy their freedom • Many attempted to escape • Would have to hide and walk for miles • If they were caught, they were returned to their owners • Some found refuge with Native American tribes like the Seminole • Fort Mose: First free African settlement in Florida
Lesson 3Southern Economy • Cash Crops • Tobacco • Rice • Tobacco could only be grown for 7 years and then the soil was depleted, so the farmers had to move on and clear more land • Some areas couldn’t grow tobacco because it was too moist, so they grew rice • Dry land was used for growing indigo, which was used for dying cloth
Map Scale and Colonial Experience • http://www.harcourtschool.com/ss1/Grade5/g5_mapdifscales.html • http://www.harcourtschool.com/ss1/Grade5/interactives/gr5_unit3.html
Economy Grows • Interdependence: Depending on one another for economic resources • Exporting Goods • Plantations sold cash crops • Sold to brokers so they could buy what the plantations wanted or needed, but couldn’t produce • Plantations near a waterway to ship goods were the most successful
Cities grew and became large shipping ports due to import/export • Baltimore, Maryland • Savannah, Georgia • Norfolk, Virginia • In Baltimore they created the Baltimore Clipper: fast ship for exporting goods • Other industries grew as well • Forest goods, ship building & repairing
