AP Themes and Key Concepts

1. AP Themes and Key Concepts

2. What you need to know for the quiz: • What SPICE stands for • Examples of each • What are the first four historical thinking skills? • Examples of each • What are the six periods in APWH? • Know them by date • AP World Regions • Very basic, which major countries are in which region

3. 5 AP Themes • SPICE • S – Social • P – Political • I – Interactions with the environment • C – Culture • E – Economics

4. Spice – Social – Development and Transformation of Social Structures

5. Spice – Social – Development and Transformation of Social Structures • Relations among humans • Grouping members of a society (stratification) • Kinship, race, gender, wealth • Different from “Culture” • Social is how we deal with each other • Culture is how we deal with our world

6. sPice – Political - State Building, Expansion, and Conflict

7. sPice– Political - State Building, Expansion, and Conflict • Different forms of government • Kingdoms, empires, nation-states • How different kinds of societies need different forms of government • Warfare and conflict

8. spIce – Interactions – Interactions between Humans and the Environment

9. spIce – Interactions – Interactions between Humans and the Environment • How the environment changed humans • Races, diets, lifespans, migrations • How humans changed the environment • Irrigation, farming, land development • Biggest during Industrial Revolution (1700s)

10. spiCe - Culture - Development and Interaction of Cultures

11. spiCe - Culture - Development and Interaction of Cultures • Spreading of beliefs, actions, and knowledge between and within societies • Religions, technology, stratification • Diffusion – spread of culture from one society to another

12. spicE – Economics - Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems

13. spicE – Economics - Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems • Major transitions in trade • From bartering to regional trade to long-distance trade • Economic systems • Agricultural, pastoral, industrial • Labor systems • Forced labor, farmers, capitalism, socialism

16. Historical Thinking Skills! • 1. Historical Causation* • 2. Patterns of Continuity and Change over Time* • 3. Periodization* • 4. Comparison* * One of the four types of Long Essays on the Exam

17. Skill 1: Historical Causation • Show the relationships among causes and effects • Causation (made it happen) and correlation (happened as well, but didn’t necessarily cause it) • Proficient students should be able to … • Compare causes and/or effects, including between short-term and long-term effects. • Analyze and evaluate the interaction of multiple causes and/or effects.

18. Skill 1: Historical CausationSample Questions • Analyze two effects of the French Revolution on its colonial holdings. • List and explain three causes for European exploration between the years 1450 and 1750. • For the period 1500-1750, explain ONE factor behind population changes in Chart 1.

19. Skill 2: Continuity and Change over Time – Sample Questions • Continuity – what continued • Patriarchy, caste system, trade w/ outsiders • Change over time – what changed • Technology, religions, war • Proficient students should be able to … • Analyze and evaluate historical patterns of continuity and change over time.

20. Skill 2: Continuity and Change over Time – Sample Questions • Using specific examples, analyze continuities and changes in the relationship between legal systems and social hierarchies in the period circa 2000 BCE to circa 1000 CE. • Using specific examples, analyze continuities and changes in the social status of women in China in the period circa 100 CEto circa 1000 CE.

21. Skill 3: Periodization • Periodization – break up into periods or “time chunks” • Evaluate them • Turning points • Different periods mean different things for different people • 2016 in America • 4714 in China • 1437 in Islamic World • Different periods regarding themes • SPICE • Proficient students should be able to … • Explain ways that historical events and processes can be organized within blocks of time. • Analyze and evaluate competing models of periodization of world history.

22. Skill 3: Periodization – Sample Questions • Evaluate the extent to which the emergence of Buddhism in the fifth century BCE can be considered a turning point in world history. • Some historians have argued that American history courses should begin coverage following Europeans’ discovery of the New World. Evaluate this argument.

23. Six Units Foundations Classical Post-Classical Pre-Modern Modern Contemporary

24. Skill 4: Comparison • Compare developments in one society or compare them among one or more society • Compare perspectives on the same development • How did Christians view the Crusades? How did Muslims? • Proficient students should be able to … • Compare related historical developments and processes across place, time, and/or different societies, or within one society. • Explain and evaluate multiple and differing perspectives on a given historical phenomenon.

25. Skill 4: Comparison – Sample Questions • Analyze at least one similarity and one difference in the causes of the French Revolution and the Haitian Revolution. • Analyze at least one similarity and one difference in the system of slavery in Rome between the years 100 BCE to 500 CE and in the Atlantic world between the years 1450 CE to 1750 CE.