Ch 10: Inner and East Asia, 600-1200 CE

1. Ch 10: Inner and East Asia, 600-1200 CE

2. Warm Up • Inventions like the horse collar reaffirm what idea or livelihood? Why might that be a problem? • What city emerges as a trading hub in Italy? Who do they trade with? Why? • Explain Pope Urban II speech: • How does this speech effect all people in Europe (especially criminals) • Two religious groups fighting the Crusades: • 2 effects of the crusades: • How does Feudalism fall?

3. I. Tang Empires, 618-755 • A. Tang Origins • Established in 618 CE • Influenced by Turks and Chinese Confucianism • B. Buddhism and the Tang Empire • Tang empire legitimized rule by using Buddhist ideas: kings claimed they were spiritual agents who bring their subjects into Buddhism • Chang’an is the Tang capital and where trade routes converged. Trade routes brought other people and other cultures to the Tang • Chang’an was the center of the tributary system, political relationship which ind countries acknowledge Chinese supremacy by payments (tribute)

6. Tang government: • General Li Shimin founded Tang dynasty • Named Taizong – “Great Ancestor” • Civil service exams • Supported by government schools • Forbidden to serve in native places “ rule of avoidance” • Limited to terms of 3 years • Reduced power of great families • Military based on Militia • Revenue system – based on land tax • Government monopoly on Salt, tea, and liquor • Rebuilt road and canal network with post stations

7. Li Shimin

9. C. To Chang’an by Land and by Sea • Chang’an had over 1 million residents, roads and canals were very important to trade, Indian Ocean trade now begins to flourish • Grand Canal: • One of the world’s largest waterworks projects before modern times • Built to facilitate trade between northern and southern China, (particularly to make the abundant supplies of rice and other agricultural products from the Yangzi River valley available to residents of the northern regions) • China’s rivers generally flow east to west so an artificial waterway had to be built to facilitate trade between north and south

10. Economic Exchange: The Grand Canal • Linked Hangzhou in the south with Chang’an in the west and Zhou (near modern Beijing) in the north • Almost 1,240 miles, reportedly forty paces wide, with roads running parallel to the waterway on either side • Integrated the economies of northern and southern China which established an economic foundation for political and cultural unity

12. Bubonic plague was brought from West Asia to China by the sea routes • D. Trade and Cultural Exchange • Turkish people brought grape wine, tea, and spices • Because of trade China lost monopoly on silk and began to trade cotton, tea (used to make paper money), and sugar • Roads, rivers, and canals were vital to trade in Tang Empire; silk, porcelain, and lacquer were high desired Chinese goods

13. Justinian and 2 Monks (silk production)

14. II. Rivals for Power in Inner Asia and China, 600-907 CE • A. The Uighur and Tibetan Empire • Turkish group, Uighur, built an empire in Central Asia • Uighurswere known as: merchants and scribes and were able to transact business in many languages • Tibet was a large empire, Tang and Tibet were friendly • Tibetan kings received a Chinese princess and Buddhism spread through Tibet • Tibet tries to eliminate Buddhism and fails but loses relations with Tang

15. Uighur Ruler

17. B. Upheavals and Repression, 750-879 CE • Buddhist powers were broken and replaced by Confucian ideologies • Reason: Buddhism was seen as undermining the family system (no tax, no army) and eroding the tax base by accumulating tax free land and attracting too many to be monks and nuns. Buddhism legitimized women’s participation in politics. • Wu Zhao: took control of the government and made HERSELF emperor with the support of Buddhism • Crackdown of Buddhism-scholars could paint Wu in a bad light so women could not get many rights

19. Wu’s Empire

20. C. End of the Tang Empire, 879-907 CE • 907, Tang state ended and regional governors established their own rule (Feudalism) • East Asia was cut off from communication and trade • III. The Emergence of East Asia, to 1200 CE • A. Liao and Jin Challenge • After the fall of the Tang, Liao, Jin, and Song empires emerge • Liao state: strong military state based on Buddhism and Confucius ideas • Forced the Song dynasty to give annual payments of cash and gifts in return for peace

21. Song helped the Jurchens defeat the Liao, Jurchens established Jin Empire which turned into the Song Empire • Song Empire 1127-1279 • B. Song Industries • Technological Innovations based on mathematics, astronomy, and calendar making • Chain driven mechanical clocks told time of day/ day of month • Improved on the compass • Built the sternpost rudder and watertight bulkheads

24. Song empire had a standing, professional trained, regularly paid military. Song used iron, steel, and gunpowder

25. Fire Lance

26. Warm Up • Religion of the Tang Dynasty: • Capital of Tang: • Founder of the Tang: • Impact of Civil Service Exam: • Military of Tang: • Importance of the Grand Canal: • Wu Zhao: • Why did the Tang rid the empire of Buddhism?

27. C. Economy and Society • Song society was dominated by civilian officials and put more emphasis on civil than military • Neo Confucianism: • Stressed morality as highest goal • Hostile to outside influences and ideas • Stress on traditionalism • Emphasized rank, obligation, deference, and gender distinctions • Civil Service Exam and Impact: • Broke the dominance of hereditary aristocracy by allowing men to be chosen for government based on merit

28. Movable type: Song government was able to print paper money and texts • Song empire population rose to 100 million people, cities were large and crowded but well maintained • Hangzhou became a great Song city with great population and trade • Credit system called flying money: paper money also the use of credit • Merchant elite arise because of taxation and money now comes from trade not agriculture • Role of Women: declined during Song period, women were subordinate to men and lost rights to own property; remarriage was forbidden; feet binding

31. Life in China • Footbinding • Symbol of women’s subjugation • Started with upper classes • Began around age 5-6 • Limited women’s mobility • Practice spread to peasant class • Seen as attractive- unbound feet would severely limit marriage prospects

32. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qy60cJciNHQ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3hqKDHzYWc&feature=related

33. IV. New Kingdoms in East Asia • A. Korea • Korea absorbed Confucianism and Buddhism from China and passed them to Japan • Korea invented moveable type which it passed on to Song China • B. Japan • Yamato clan was first to unite Japan • Native religion of Japan Shinto survived alongside Buddhism • Role of Women: women of aristocracy became royal consorts, royal women took over after husband’s death

34. By 1000 CE warrior classes become wealthy and powerful. Warriors fight for land and established their own rule. • Kamakura (Kanagawa) shogunate eventually wins and establishes control of Japan • C. Vietnam • Fast growing rice in Vietnam is able to grow twice a year. Champa rice is given to the Song Dynasty in China • Education of women was considered valuable

35. Writing Prompt: ½ page compare and contrast the Tang and Song Dynasties. • Explain both similarities and differences