Propagation Trends 2013-2014

1. Propagation Trends 2013-2014 Solar Maximum !A Double Peaked Sunspot Cycle ? Dayton 2013

2. Every 6 Meter DXer Remembers This! The Second Sunspot Peak of Solar Cycle 23 Dayton 2013

3. 400 Years of Sunspot Observations60 years of high sunspot cycleshave probably come to an end 40 years 70 years Dayton 2013

4. Solar Cycle 24compared to all solar cycles since 1944 Cycle 24 the lowest solar minimum in 100 yearsfollowed by the lowest solar cycle in 100 Years Dayton 2013

5. Sunspot Cycle 24 ProgressActual vs. Prediction Actual Prediction Sunspot Number http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/images/ssn_predict_l.gif

6. Solar Cycle 24 Prediction compared to similar Solar Cycle 14 two years between Solar Cycle 14 peaks many solar scientists expect a double peaked Solar Cycle 24 Dayton 2013

7. Why are there Often Double Sunspot Cycle Peaks? Sunspot Number solar northern and southern hemisphere sunspot cycle peaks never occur at the same time Dayton 2013

8. Solar Cycle 24 is similar to Cycle 14the solar southern hemisphere sunspot peak occurred two years after the northern hemisphere sunspot peak two years between sunspot peaks Sunspot Groups per Month N S southern hemisphere sunspots started to increase one year after the northern hemisphere sunspot peak Dayton 2013

9. The Last Two Solar Cycles also had Double Peaksbut very different than weaker Solar Cycle 24 two years between sunspot peaks two years between sunspot peaks N S N S southern hemisphere sunspots started to increase one year after the northern hemisphere sunspot peak Dayton 2013

10. Sunspot Production has Slowed in Both Solar Hemispheres southern hemisphere sunspot production slowed after peaking in Jun - Jul 2012 northern hemisphere sunspot production slowed after peaking in Sep - Dec 2011 Sunspot Groups per Month ? N S southern hemisphere sunspot production continues to lag behind northern hemisphere sunspot production Dayton 2013

11. Solar North-South Polar Field Reversalsolar maximum usually occurs whenboth polar fields have reversed polarity north pole field reversal in June 2012 (smoothed) north pole field strength continues to slowly increase July 2012 – Mar 2013 field reversal N smoothed polar field strength micro-Tesla south pole field strength is very slowly decreasing Dec 2012 – Mar 2013 S Jan 2012 Jan 2013 the south polar field is progressing very slowly toward field reversal Dayton 2013

12. Weak Solar Cycle 24 has been Unusually Favorable for 160 and 80 MetersThe A-index has been much lower than normal two years between Solar Cycle 23 peaks the A index usually increases during the first two years after solar maximum unusually low A index The A-Index may increase moderately after Solar Cycle 24 maximum Dayton 2013

13. A Long Range Estimate of Solar Cycle 25are sunspots disappearing? http://myweb.wwu.edu/dbunny/pdfs/Solar-Cycle-25-Amplitude-estimate.pdf some solar scientists expect Cycle 25 to be the weakest solar cycle in 400 years http://www.landscheidt.info/?q=node/280