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Klima , oseanografi og is i Polhavet

Klima , oseanografi og is i Polhavet. Prof. Stein Sandven direktør ved Nansen Senteret. Arctic Climate System. Warm surface waters. Cold Arctic waters. Cold deep waters. River runoff. Warming ice/snow melting Increase run-off Wildcard - Greenland Ice Sheet

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Klima , oseanografi og is i Polhavet

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  1. Klima, oseanografiog is iPolhavet Prof. Stein Sandven direktørved Nansen Senteret

  2. Arctic Climate System Warm surface waters Cold Arctic waters Cold deep waters River runoff • Warming • ice/snow melting • Increase run-off • Wildcard - Greenland Ice Sheet • Deep water formation conveyour belt • Strong natural variablity 100 Gt/year = 0.3 mm/yr

  3. Arctic air temperature 1900 - 2010 Arctic-wide annual average surface air temperature anomalies relative to the 1961-90 mean, based on land stations north of 60°N. Data are from the CRUTEM 3v dataset, available online at www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/ data/temperature/. Note this curve does not include marine observations.

  4. Bergen Climate Model (BCM)Simulation of sea surface temperture 2000-2100

  5. Predicted Arctic sea ice area in September during 21st century 30 years of satellite data Comparison of output from 18 different CMIP3 GCM’s. Reference sea ice extent is mean the sea ice extent from 1979-2007 (“Satellite Era”). Forcing is the SRES A1B emissions scenario “medium forcing” ie CO2 concentrations of 700 ppm by 2100 (from [Boe et al., 2009]).

  6. Arctic ocean circulation and water masses Modified from B. Rudels (2011; Encyclopedia of the ocean: Arctic Ocean circulation)

  7. Oceanographic profile data from the Arctic basins Temperature Salinity Modified from B. Rudels (2011; Encyclopedia of the ocean: Arctic Ocean circulation)

  8. Observed thickness reductionfrom submarine data 1975 -2000and from satellites from 2003 Mean thickness: 1980: 3.42 m, 2000: 2.29 m (Rothrocket al., 2008 Kwok andUntersteiner, 2011)

  9. Oceanographicbuoy programme IceTetheredProfilers: WoodsHoleOceanographic Institution The Ice-Tethered Profiler data are collected and made available by the ITP program based at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, starting in 2006 (http://www.whoi.edu/itp).

  10. French programme 2012-2019 • coordinated by Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (Jean-Claude Gascard) • Strategy • * 15 autonomous platforms operating at any given time during 6 years. • * 6 new platforms every year (exit thru Fram S., detroyed by ice ridges) >>> • * total of 40. • Expected life time : 2 years pr platform • Logistics: • 2 deployment periods per year

  11. Vision: Multipurposeacousticsystemforthe Arctic Arctic Ocean Observing System using Acoustic Network and underwater platforms Ongoing The vision Projects coordinated by NERSC: ACOBAR – EU: 2008 – 2013 UNDER-ICE (NFR): 2013-2017

  12. Acoustic propagation: travel times can be used tomonitor longterm temperature change in the deep ocean Trapped rays Deep going rays AMOC project, Johannessen et al 2001

  13. Arctic ROOS Arctic Regional Ocean Observing System: An association of 16 member institutions from 9 European countries with the aim to develop Arctic components of Global Ocean Observing System • The background document was produced in 2005 by the EuroGOOS Arctic Task Team • Arctic ROOS is a contribution to the IPY project no. 379:  "IPY Operational Oceanography for the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas" coordinated by Prof. Ola M. Johannessen, endorsed by IPY 2006. • Arctic ROOS was established in December 2007 at the foundation meeting in Luleå, hosted by EuroGOOS and SMHI • S. Sandven from Nansen Center in Norway was elected chair and hosts the secretariat of Arctic ROOS http://arctic-roos.org/

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