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Biomass Issues

Biomass Issues. Feedstocks-- Harvesting, Transporation

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Biomass Issues

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    1. Biomass Issues John Christopher Madole Associates, Inc. presentation to the Minnesota Department of Commerce September 12, 2007

    2. Biomass Issues Feedstocks-- Harvesting, Transporation & Storage Process Technology Markets/Utilization Institutional Considerations System Economics

    3. Minnesota Feedstocks Wood Woody Shrubs Crop Residue (Corn Stover) Prairie Grasses Reeds Algae Manures/Biosolids Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Source Separated Organics (SSO)

    4. Earth Rise Algae Farm

    5. Phragmites

    6. Basic systems for collection of residential yard trimmings often employ kraft paper bags that can be composted along with its contents. This requires the cooperation of residents, and of their contract lawn maintenance services. Similarly, source separated organics should be collected without conventional plastic bags or non-degradable food service ware. Basic systems for collection of residential yard trimmings often employ kraft paper bags that can be composted along with its contents. This requires the cooperation of residents, and of their contract lawn maintenance services. Similarly, source separated organics should be collected without conventional plastic bags or non-degradable food service ware.

    7. Feedstock Issues Mainline vs Shortline Prices & Practices Lack of Shortline Access to Minneapolis from south and north Long term contracts Feedstock storage

    8. Process Technologies Anaerobic Digestion Gasification Pyrolysis Combustion Biohydrogen

    9. Role of Digesters & Gasifiers in Industry Thermal Energy for Biodiesel and Ethanol Plants Fischer Tropsch for Chemicals, Fertilizer, Jet Fuel, Diesel, Gasoline, Waxes Capital Cost and Technology Access Issues 80% Biomass Gasifiers for Fischer Tropsch Nazi, Apartheid, coal to biomass Transition

    10. Fischer Tropsch Chemical Plant in Austria

    11. Gasification 1,500-2,000 degrees F Produces Synthetic Gas (Syn-gas) made of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide Burns more cleanly than natural gas Heavy metals are problem– coal gasification is a problem Advanced research to reform syngas into pipeline quality gas, ammonia, butanol

    12. Significant Economic Factors with Gasification Gasification not scaleable Biomass Gasification is prime competitor of natural gas and transportation fuels Electrical generation is only economic with significant thermal (steam) market $.05 per kWh is break even cost of production Gasifiers can produce power on signal from wind machine

    13. Ag Residue Gasifier Unit in Manitoba

    14. MSW Gasifier in Romoland,CA

    15. Anaerobic Digestion Technologies Mesophillic (Covered lagoons, waste water treatment, manures) Thermophillic 30-50% more BTU’s, odor control

    17. Linden Hills Neighborhood, Minneapolis Mini-Digester 10 tons per day yard waste and source separated organics Digester Cost around $150,000 ? Combined Heat & Power System for Linden Hills Business District

    18. Linkoping, Sweden 100,000 tpy food processing waste AD Facility

    19. End Market/Utilization Thermal (Steam & Hot Water) Compressed Gas for Transporation Pipeline Quality Gas Electricity By-products

    20. Twin City Natural Gas Large Thermal Markets $2 billion/year in natural gas sales to large scale thermal markets in Metro Area of 3 million population (Year 2000) Gasifiers & AD capable of displacing natural gas at 15% to 20% less in annual costs Biomass Procurement will become most important factor– MSW, SSO, yardwaste, crop residues, urban tree waste, demolition wood

    21. Linkoping, Sweden City Buses Fueled with CNG from Biogas

    22. Uppsala, Sweden Passenger Car Fueled with CNG from Biogas

    23. Why Biomethane for CNG Vehicles Biomethane can be produced for less than Natural Gas Minneapolis CNG filling station sells for equivalent of $1.70 per gallon CNG or Compressed Biomethane worth more than Pipeline Quality Gas 95% cleaner tail pipe emmissions (India)

    24. CNG Vehicles Agentina 1,300,000 Brazil 550,000 Italy 380,000 Pakistan 280,000 India 137,000

    25. CNG in the USA 1,200 Filling Stations in the USA Dozens of filling stations in Midwest 10 filling stations in Wisconsin 1 filling station in Minnesota California 50% of market US Postal Service 7,400 vehicles California over 1,000 garbage trucks

    26. Marketable Products The methane in biogas is recovered and processed for use as fuel in various applications. Gas that is processed to “pipeline quality”, having a methane content of 93% or greater can be delivered via pipeline to nearby users. Alternatively, the gas can be combusted on-site to produce steam or hot water or used as fuel for turbine generation of electric power After digestion in the bioreactor vessel, the digestate residue is a low solids sludge that can be dewatered and marketed as a soil amendment product. Filtrate from dewatering which contains nutrients may be used as a fertilizer for cultivation of proteins for feed or fertilizer. Duckweed and algae production can be used to remove nutrients from the effluent while also producing a marketable product. The methane in biogas is recovered and processed for use as fuel in various applications. Gas that is processed to “pipeline quality”, having a methane content of 93% or greater can be delivered via pipeline to nearby users. Alternatively, the gas can be combusted on-site to produce steam or hot water or used as fuel for turbine generation of electric power After digestion in the bioreactor vessel, the digestate residue is a low solids sludge that can be dewatered and marketed as a soil amendment product. Filtrate from dewatering which contains nutrients may be used as a fertilizer for cultivation of proteins for feed or fertilizer. Duckweed and algae production can be used to remove nutrients from the effluent while also producing a marketable product.

    27. District Energy CHP Efficiency Biomass to Electricity 35%, Combined Heat & Power +90% District Heating more efficient than separate boilers Hot water systems more efficient than steam New Suburban Development & Light Rail Corridors

    28. District Heating in Minnesota Hibbing St. Paul Willmar New Ulm New Programs & Incentives

    29. Next Steps Skally Line, Owatonna to Faribault Line Demonstrations to get European Technologies into Minnesota to innovate Training and Standards to prevent odors from Digester Help with long term biomass contracts Create end markets Examine German, Swedish, Argentine, Indian Public Policy Invest in Bi-product Development Feedstock Demonstrations

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