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Asphyxia

Asphyxia. Asphyxia. Medical term for suffocation Severer deficiency of oxygen supplied to the body Often leads to Hypoxia. Causes. Airway Obstruction Choking on food Tongue rolling back to block airway Reduced/Impaired exchange of gases in alveoli during fumes/smoke inhalation

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Asphyxia

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  1. Asphyxia

  2. Asphyxia • Medical term for suffocation • Severer deficiency of oxygen supplied to the body • Often leads to Hypoxia

  3. Causes • Airway Obstruction • Choking on food • Tongue rolling back to block airway • Reduced/Impaired exchange of gases in alveoli during fumes/smoke inhalation • Impaired function of lung(s) • Impaired breathing • Asthma

  4. Hypoxia

  5. Hypoxia • Medical term for low oxygen level in the blood stream

  6. Causes • Insufficient oxygen in inhaled air • Suffocation by smoke or gas • Changes in atmospheric pressure e.g. high altitudes • Airway Obstruction • Choking by an external object • Lungs & Chest Injury • Punctured lung(s) • Collapsed lung • Reduced/Impaired oxygen uptake by tissues • Carbon monoxide poisoning • Cyanide poisoning

  7. Signs & Symptoms • Rapid, distressed breathing and gasping for air • Confusion, irritability and aggression, leading to unconsciousness • Cyanosis • appearance of a blue or purple coloration of the skin due to the tissues near the skin surface being low on oxygen

  8. Airway Obstruction

  9. Causes • Tongue falling back in unconscious casualties • Food, Vomit, fluids in mouth or allergy • Swelling of throat • Spasm of respiratory muscles • Uncontrolled movement

  10. Signs & Symptoms • Noisy, labored breathing • Difficulty breathing • Cyanosis • Flaring nostrils • Enlargement of nostrils • Increased effort in breathing • Reversed movement of chest and abdomen

  11. Treatment • Ensure ABC • Assist casualty in removing any obstructions • Prepare to perform Heimlich manoeuvre or chest thrusts • Reassure casualty if conscious • Seek medical aid • Monitor Level of Response and vitals signs at least every 5 minutes

  12. Hanging, Strangling, Throttling

  13. Hanging, Strangling, Throttling • External pressure on the neck squeezing the airway, blocking flow of air to lungs • Hanging • Suspension of body by noose around the neck • Strangling • Constriction around neck • Throttling • Squeezing of the throat

  14. Signs & Symptoms • Constricting articles around neck • Marks around casualty’s neck • Rapid, distressed breathing • Cyanosis • Congestion of face with prominent veins • Not enough blood or oxygen

  15. Treatment • Ensure ABC • Remove any constricting from the neck, ensuring safety of casualty is not compromised in any position • Reassure casualty if conscious • Seek medical aid • Monitor Level of Response and vital signs at least every 5 minutes

  16. Treatment • DO NOT: • Destroy or interfere with any evidence especially with ropes and the knots • Cut above the noose so as to not destroy evidence • Move casualty unnecessarily if spinal injuries suspected

  17. Drowning

  18. Drowning • Occurs not because lungs are filled with water • Water enters the airway, the vocal chords in the throat constrict and seal the airway • preventing the intake of oxygen • Best to throw casualty a float, without going into the water • Unless trained in lifesaving and casualty is unconscious • Carry the casualty with head below chest level when bringing an unconscious casualty out of the water to minimize further complications

  19. Treatment • Ensure ABC • Lay casualty down on back, best on warm materials • (change wet clothing if possible) • Reassure casualty if conscious • Seek medical aid even if casualty is conscious and appears well • In case of secondary drowning • Pneumonia • Monitor Level of Response and vital signs at least every 5 minutes

  20. Inhalation of Fumes

  21. Inhalation of fumes • Breathing in of harmful gases, vapors, and particulate matter contained in smoke

  22. Signs & Symptoms • Cyanosis • Distressed • Coughing and wheezing • Labored breathing • Headache or confused • Unconscious

  23. Treatment • Ensure ABC • Remove casualty from area • Reassure casualty if conscious • Seek medical aid • Monitor Level of Response and vital signs at least every 5 minutes

  24. Hyperventilation

  25. Hyperventilation • Rapid or deep breathing which Is sometimes also called over-breathing • May leave you feeling breathless • Occurs faster than Hypoxia

  26. Signs & Symptoms • Chest pains • Dizziness/Nausea • Cramps in hands and feet • Tingling • Attention-seeking behavior

  27. Treatment • Ensure ABC • MOVE CASUALTY AWAY FROM TRIGGER • Ask the casualty to take slow, deep breaths to calm down (seated down) • Monitor Level of Response and vital signs at least every 5 minutes

  28. Asthma

  29. Asthma • Medical condition in which the airway • Becomes inflamed and swollen • Through excessive mucus secretion (phlegm) • Breathing becomes difficult • Can be hereditary or environmental • Allergens • Viral/Bacteria infections • Chemicals • Emotional stress • Pollutants • Cold

  30. Signs & Symptoms • Air hunger • Wheezing • Chest tightness • Using of auxiliary muscles • Cyanosis

  31. Treatment • Reassure casualty • Remove casualty away from trigger if any • Encourage casualty to use inhaler if available • Fast-acting bronchodilators (e.g. Ventolin) • DO NT use preventive inhalers (e.g. Beclotide) • Ensure fresh air is available • Monitor Level of Response and vital signs at lest every 5 minutes • Prepare to perform CPR

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