Use of Smart Dust in Blood Unit Temperature Monitoring

1. Use of Smart Dust in Blood Unit Temperature Monitoring Group 25 James Lin BME Adam Lowisz CompE Advisor Dr. Dan France Advisor Dr. Paul King

2. Background • Blood units need to be stored below 10 degree C; if it goes above that temperature, it is discarded. Patricia Blocker, Supervisor of Blood Bank • Blood stored at room temperature in plastic bags make it susceptible to development of bacteria (sepsis), which may lead to mortality. • Many cases of wasted blood units are unreported.Dr. France & Dr. St. Jacques of Anesthesiology Dept. • Improper handling causes blood to be wasted; many “blood units are returned without any used, and many are never even picked up.”Dr. Anne Neff

3. Numbers • 3922 units of blood products are lost at Vanderbilt Medical Center in 2001; of those, 2292 units resulted in financial loss. • $215/ pint of blood. • Every year Vanderbilt University Medical Center loses $600k+ on blood unit losses.Dr. France

4. Significant cost associated with collecting, testing, preparing components, labeling, storing and shipping • Significant cost associated with collection • Collecting • Testing • Preparing components • Labeling • Storing and shipping blood • Recruiting and educating donors • Quality assurance • Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) • Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) • Hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) • HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody (anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2) • HTLV-I and HTLV-II antibody (anti-HTLV-I and anti-HTLV-II) • Serologic test for syphilis • Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) for HIV-1 and HCV • NAT for WNV

5. Problem Description • What can we do to preserve the blood units through temperature monitoring and prevent blood units from being handled improperly? • Smart Dust from Crossbow Technology to monitor the blood units!

6. Crossbow Wireless Smart Dusts • Mote, also called processor/radio module MICA2DOT • 3rd Generation, Quarter-sized (25mm), Wireless Smart Sensors • TinyOS - for communications and processing • Battery Powered - Low Mass • Wireless Communications with Every Node as a Router Capability • 433 MHz Multi-Channel Radio Transceiver (compatible with MICA2/MPR4xx Series) • Prototype and Data Acquisition Board MDA 500 • Allows connection to all of the major I/O signals of the MICA2DOT • Serial gateway MIB510 • Low-Voltage Detection Circuit • MICA2DOT LEDS mirrored on board for easy debug • No computer parallel port is needed for programming • Addresses and fixes the issues related to UISP programming problems, flash errors. • Mote + Sensor = Smart Sensor!

7. Project Solution • Motivation: The project was motivated by the Crossbow Smart Dust Challenge to use smart dust and wireless technology to positively impact society. • Idea for monitoring blood bags to prevent wasting blood came from Dr. Dan France, our advisor, a Research Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and of Medicine.

8. Project Definition • Objectives: To design a prototype that monitors the temperature of blood units and wirelessly transmits data through a mesh network to a central server from which staff can be alerted if there are any complications with the bags.

9. Smart Dust Smart Dust Mote Blood bag Blood bag Gateway Proposed System Interface OR or ER Blood Bank Serial connection PC PC: -database SQL -Mote-VIEW & Surge-VIEW -Cygwin nesC

10. Proposed Blood Unit to Smart Dust Interface 1 • Advantages • Ready to use • Attached to bag implies less error • Disadvantage • Need a specific manufacturer for electronics sleeve • Can cost more in long term

11. Proposed Blood Unit to Smart Dust Interface 2 • Advantage • Modularity in Design • One time cost • No need for specific bag manufacturer • Disadvantages • Human error • Cooling interference

12. Market Potentials • Clients: hospitals and blood banks • Competitor: currently there are no competitors with similar project objectives • Cost of prototype is accessible to most hospitals. • Roughly $530 for 1 gateway to PC, 3 motes, and 3 external data prototype boards; able to monitor 2 blood bags simultaneously • Application Characteristcs • No or little IT infrastructure • Cabling cost and time: $40 to $2000 / foot

13. Social Impact • Less blood collection will be required from the blood banks • Preservation of blood unit products • Preservation of life through better use of blood

14. Work Completed The devices have been ordered and received. • Mote (radio/processor module) MICA2DOT….$115.00 • Prototype Sensor board Module MDA500……$30 • Available to attach external analog input sensors • Serial Gateway………….……………………..$95.00

15. Work Completed (continued) • The devices have been assembled • Multitude of material reading material that came with the devices has been read

16. Work Completed (continued) Research completed • MICA2DOT Interface

17. Current Work • Programming the motes • trying out small sample applications on a CD that came with the motes • trying to program event detection • programming interrupt functions • Testing the motes • do they communicate with the computer? • do the LED’s work? • is the gateway interfacing with the computer? • is code running on the mote processors? • is the thermoster working properly? • Testing software Mote-VIEW & Surge-VIEW

18. Future Work • Obtaining a blue print of the Free Electron Laser Center for possible prototype testing and deployment • An in-depth cost analysis of implementing the system in all the OR’s • Correspondence with other blood banks (e.g. Red Cross) in the area to gather additional interests/investment in the project

19. References • Dr. Paul St. Jacques • Dr. Anne Neff • Dr. Dan France • Dr. Jim Hutchinson • Mr. Efosa Ojomo • http://www.svch.net/bloodless/press_blood_supply.asp

20. Questions?