Download
1 / 16
160 likes | 221 Views
This comparative analysis explores the technological advancements, governance systems, societal structures, and religious beliefs of Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans in the 1490s. Delve into how each group utilized technology, organized their governments, structured their societies, and practiced religion and culture. Gain insights into the diverse perspectives and influences that shaped these distinct civilizations during this period of interconnectedness through trade networks and idea exchange.
E N D
Compare/Contrast--1490s Native Americans Africans Europeans
Technology • Native American • Hopi & Acoma (SW)—irrigation systems • Eastern Woodlands—farming, make almost everything out of wood (canoes, snowshoes, etc.) • NOTE: trade networks across continent—spread of goods/technology
Technology • Europe • Trade across continent, into Asia/Africa—spread technology and ideas • Sailing technology • Compass/astrolabe for navigation • Caravel can sail against the wind
Technology • African • Trade routes across continent—technology/ideas spread • Metalworking • Tools/weapons • Fabric like velvet in the Kongo • Some irrigation
Governmental Structure • Native American • Mirror social structure • Nobles and Local leaders • Immediate level—family unit with community decision making • Don’t forget to add Iroquois Constitution from our readings! • Alliance of tribes • Local tribal leaders agree to it
Governmental Structure • European • Monarchs (gained power w/Crusades)—new taxes, raise armies, strengthen central government, finance exploration • Nobles (important tie to FEUDALISM)
Governmental Structure • African • Songhai—King with power over armies, laws, education, arts • Sunni Ali • Askia Muhammad (from our reading)-Muslim king organized bureaucracy • Benin—forest kingdoms with organized government; king appointed chiefs to rule districts, ambassadors • Kongo—small kingdoms ruled by one ruler (man or woman): taxes, war, tribute
Social Structure • Native American • Bonds of kinship (EXTENDED FAMILY) • Elders/ancestors honored • Iroquois & Hopi- matrilineal; others- patrilineal • Division of labor based on class (all the way from slaves to nobles) • Family is basic unit • Family-community decision making
Social Structure • European • Based on hierarchy • Nobility & peasants tied in FEUDALISM • Difficult to move between classes (exception for artisans/merchants) • Division of labor based on gender
Social Structure • African • Some societies are matrilineal • Within the family—rank comes with age • Slave labor • Not born into it • Not necessarily for entire life • Could escape slavery by marriage/adoption
Religion and Culture • Native American • Kwakiwtl—totems with symbols of ancestral spirits; potlaches ceremonies to give away wealth • SW (Pueblo, Hopi, Acoma)—multistory adobe houses, kivas for religious ceremonies/councils • All use trade networks • Natural world filled with spirits (living and non-living) • Universal creator
Religion and Culture • European • Live in small villages • Catholic church with administrative bureaucracy • Crusades • Reconquista • Early 1500s- Reformation • Urban life after plagues
Religion and Culture • African • Islam spread across trade routes • Trade with Portuguese in West Africamake connections to Europe stronger • First African slave trade in 1480s for Portuguese sugar planations • Local culture, small villages, family centered • Political leaders tied with religion • Natural spirits in living and non-living objects • Ancestor-spirits, universal creator
ALL TOGETHER • Native American • Some matrilineal • Universal creator & natural spiritis • Extended family • Collective ownership of land
ALL TOGETHER • Europe • Patrilineal • One god/Catholicism • Nuclear family • Private ownership of land
ALL TOGETHER • African • Some matrilineal • Universal creator/natural spirits • Islam • Extended family • Collective ownership of land
