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The Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period Changes and Continuities

The Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period Changes and Continuities. Europe‘s position in the World. Europe during the MA: Christian Europe Situation: surrounded by enemies (Huns, Avars, Magyars, Mongoles, Arabs, Ottomans...)

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The Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period Changes and Continuities

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  1. The Middle Ages and the Early Modern PeriodChanges and Continuities

  2. Europe‘s position in the World • Europe during the MA: Christian Europe • Situation: surrounded by enemies (Huns, Avars, Magyars, Mongoles, Arabs, Ottomans...) • Late MA: partly integrated (through Christianization, e.g. Magyars/Hungarians, Slavs, e.g. Poles), partly defeated (Arabs, Reconquista) • From 15th century: consolidation, European expansion

  3. Europe‘s cultural dynamism • Rooted in MA • Origin: dualism between spiritual and profane world, i.e. church and state • Reason: church as relict from ancient Rome, confronted with newly emerging world of medieval European nations • Consequence: argumentative competition for authority, enhances culture of argument, critique and rationalism

  4. Medieval roots of Early Modern developments • Reference to ancient legacy • „Interfaces“: medieval monasteries with libraries, preserving ancient writings, Latin „lingua franca“ esp. in church, medieval universities, Roman buildings/ruins all over Europe • Beginnings of capitalism in mediterranian trade since ca. 12th century

  5. Perception of the changes • Generally no conscious transition from MA to EMP by common people (no fundamental changes in quotidien life) • Educated elites expect upcoming of a new age (Petrarcha) in recurrence to „golden“ Antiquity • Present times perceived as dark and barbaric

  6. What‘s new in EMP? • No clear breakpoint for its beginning: instead transitional period from about 1300-1600 • Economy: capitalism, professionalization, expansion • Art & literature: humanism, renaissance, profanity • Politics: Territories, colonialization • Religion: increasing critisism, Reformation • Technology: book-print, science • The documentary age

  7. Read Cameron pages 29-62

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