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American Foreign Policy 1793-1823. Proclamation of Neutrality 1793. President Washington proclaims that the United States will remain neutral in the war between Great Britain and France that has broken out because of the French Revolution. Jay’s Treaty 1794.
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Proclamation of Neutrality 1793 President Washington proclaims that the United States will remain neutral in the war between Great Britain and France that has broken out because of the French Revolution
Jay’s Treaty 1794 • British ships were stopping American ships and seizing sailors to serve in the British navy(impressment). • President Washington felt that this was a clear violation of American neutrality and free trade rights and sent John Jay to London to negotiate a treaty. • Terms of the Treaty • The withdrawal of British soldiers from posts in the American West • A commission to be established to settle outstanding border issues between the U.S. and Canada • A commission to be established to resolve American losses in British ship seizures and Loyalist losses during the War of Independence. • Missing from the treaty was a provision for the British to refrain from the arrest of American ships and impressment of American seamen. Since this was the main issue at the time, many Americans felt the Treaty was useless and an insult to American independence.
Pinckney’s Treaty 1795 • Thomas Pinckney, U.S. minister to Britain, was dispatched to Spain and won two highly desirable concessions: • Spain recognized U.S. borders at the Mississippi and the 31st parallel (the northern border of Florida, a Spanish possession) • Spain granted Americans the right to deposit goods for transshipment at New Orleans. • The second provision was a vital concern of American farmers in the West. Efforts to transport their goods to market in the East by overland routes were time-consuming and expensive. The right of deposit allows one nation to temporarily store goods on another nation's soil without paying any fees or duties. • Spain granted these concessions to the United States, not from fear of America's military might, but from concern over major power diplomatic realities. • Spain was a rival of Britain and noted the warming relationship between Britain and the U.S. as evidenced in Jay's Treaty. Therefore, Spain hoped to keep Britain off balance by establishing a positive relationship with America.
Louisiana Purchase 1803Was it Constitutional? Mississippi River New Orleans
Lewis and Clark Expedition: The Corps of Discovery 1804-1806 Lewis and Clark followed the Missouri River for much of their journey St. Louis, Missouri
Embargo Act 1807 New England Federalists criticizing the Embargo Act
War of 1812 General Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans
Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 President James Monroe sought to obtain Florida from Spain. An opportunity occurred when General Andrew Jackson and his forces entered Florida in 1818 in pursuit of Seminole Indians who had made raids across the border in Georgia. In the process, Jackson captured two Spanish forts and executed two British citizens who had encouraged Seminoles to make the raids in Georgia. While Congress called for Jackson to be reprimanded for exceeding his orders, Monroe accepted Jackson's explanation that he was responding to events as they happened. The forts were returned to Spain. Recognizing the futility of protecting its far-off possession, however, Spain agreed to negotiate the ceding of Florida. John Quincy Adams, Monroe's secretary of state, negotiated the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain ceded Florida to the United States.
