Glycobiology

1. Glycobiology Nutritional Glycobiology

2. Essential Nutrients! Vitamins Minerals Water Carbohydrates Fats Proteins

3. Definition of terms Glycans is the scientific term used by researchers to describe carbohydrate structures. (sugars) Glycomics or glycobiology is the study of glycans.

4. These nutrients are categorized in the “sugar” family but these are the BENEFICIAL not the HARMFUL SUGARS

5. Glycobiology The study of Biological Sugar Chains (Essential Carbohydrates) INFORMATIONAL SOURCE: ROBERT K MURRAY, MD, PHD

6. Technology “Glycomcs is one of the top 10 technologies that will change the world.” MIT’s Technology Review: Feb 2003

7. Technology National Academy of Sciences Report: Transforming Glycoscience: A Roadmap for the future: “Glycoscience Focus Recommended” Oct 2012

8. Technology “Every living cell on the planet is covered with a dense and complex array of glycans.” Transforming Glycoscience: A roadmap to the Future. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Oct 2012

9. Technology “Every disease that affects humans significantly involves glycans.” Transforming Glycoscience: A roadmap to the Future. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Oct 2012

10. “Glycans are sugar molecules that coat the surface of every living cell. Once thought to be relatively unimportant, scientist now recognize that glycans play critical roles in cell regulation, human health and disease progression.” UGA News Service Sept 6, 2013

11. "The tide is starting to turn, and researchers are beginning to appreciate how important these sugar molecules are." NCBG principal investigator and member of UGA's Complex Carbohydrate Research Center. Michael Pierce

12. 8 Essential Biological Sugars Glucose (from table Sugar) Mannose N-Acetyl glucosamine Typically, only these two are found in our modern diet. N-Acetyl galactosamine Xylose Galactose (from milk products) Fucose N-Acetyl neuraminic acid “Glycans”

13. Glycomics “Blood Types” The only difference between TYPE A (GalNAc) and TYPE B (Gal) is one sugar, but it can make a life/death difference in a transfusion A • Red Blood Cell Do Glycans make a difference? They can mean the difference between life and death! O AB B • Fucose • Galactose N-Acetyl galactosamine N-Acetyl glucosamine

14. Glycomics Universal Donor The only difference between TYPE A (GalNAc) and TYPE B (Gal) is one sugar, but it can make a life/death difference in a transfusion A • Red Blood Cell Do Glycans make a difference? They can mean the difference between life and death! O AB B • Fucose • Galactose N-Acetyl galactosamine N-Acetyl glucosamine

15. Glycomics The only difference between TYPE A (GalNAc) and TYPE B (Gal) is one sugar, but it can make a life/death difference in a transfusion A • Red Blood Cell Do Glycans make a difference? They can mean the difference between life and death! O AB B • Fucose • Galactose Universal Receiver N-Acetyl galactosamine N-Acetyl glucosamine

16. Technology “Glycans play roles in almost every biological process and are involved in every major disease.” Transforming Glycoscience: A roadmap to the Future. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Oct 2012

17. Technology “Elimination of any single major class of glycans from an organism results in death.” Transforming Glycoscience: A roadmap to the Future. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Oct 2012

18. Technology “Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of cancer and contributes to pathogenesis and progression.” Transforming Glycoscience: A roadmap to the Future. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Oct 2012

19. Technology “From seasonal flu to cancer, scientists know that glycans are involved in the development of many disease, and they are constantly discovering more.” UGA News Service Sept 6, 2013

20. SUMMARY Cell surface sugar structures in glycoproteins and glycolipids are necessary for the proper recognition and function of every cell. Immune system cells read these cell surface sugar structures on other cells to determine if they are healthy, need repair, or need to be destroyed.

21. SUMMARY When cells turn against the body as in degenerative or autoimmune functions, research has shown that in some cases sugars are missing from their glycoprotein structures. “Removing a sugar [from its cell surface structures] turns protective antibodies [immune cells] into attackers” Rockefeller University, July 23, 2007

22. SUMMARY Since 2011, there are now several published studies using the combination of glyconutrients conducted in human trials which document improvements in immune system, cognitive, memory, concentration, attentiveness, mood, irritability, digestive, and cellular communication function.

23. Old Theory: Scientists once believed it was not possible to influence the body’s production of cell surface sugar structures through dietary intervention. New Evidence: Science has now shown that the ingestion of glyconutrients can induce statistically significant changes in cell surface sugar structures like glycoproteins with no adverse effects Latest research published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2011) 65,648-656

24. These nutrients do no cure, treat or mitigate disease and we make no claims regarding the personal outcome you may have by incorporating these special sugars into your diet.

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26. CME Continuing Medical Education Site www.longevityed.com