1 / 13

Glycobiology

Glycobiology. The study of the structure, chemistry, biochemistry and biological function of complex carbohydrates. Classes of Biochemicals . Lipids, fats, isoprenoids, terpenes Structural, information, energy source

phuc
Download Presentation

Glycobiology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Glycobiology The study of the structure, chemistry, biochemistry and biological function of complex carbohydrates. Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  2. Classes of Biochemicals • Lipids, fats, isoprenoids, terpenes • Structural, information, energy source • Proteins (high information content by molecular recognition of structures in defined binding sites). • Structural, informational, catalytic (enzymes), energy source when converted to CHO or lipid • Nucleic acids • information, structural, enzymes)(energy-ATP) • Carbohydrates (CHO) • Structural, informational (no enzymes yet) • (nucleic acids are a subclass of polysaccharides) • Energy content Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  3. Carbohydrates, sugars • Historical background, chemistry, biosynthesis • Saccharide structure and nomenclature review • Analytical Methods and Biotechnology Applications: • Evolution of Glycan diversity, information potential • Protein-glycan interactions, binding, recognition, • signaling, adhesion, immunology: • - Proteins that recognize glycans (immune and non-immune), molecular specificity • Biological roles of glycans, Bioactivity • Glycans in Genetic Disorders and Disease • Microbial Adhesion and Virulence • Opportunities for Biotechnology Development • Text: Essentials of Glycobiology, 1999, Eds. Varki and Cummings: ISBN 0-87969-560-9 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  4. Rudimentary structures • http://wngr343a.chem.orst.edu/~gablek/CH336/Chapter24/aldoses.htm • Simple monosaccharides • Trioses (3 carbons), 1 chiral center, 2 isomers • Tetroses (4 carbons), 2 chiral centers, 4 isomers • Pentoses (5 carbons, 3 chiral centers, 8 isomers • Hexoses (6 carbons, 4 chiral centers, 16 isomers • D-series sugars (highest chiral hydroxyl to the right in a Fischer projection. • L-series sugars (opposite) • Anomeric carbon (carbon 1 for aldoses, carbon 2 or other for ketoses Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  5. Historical synthesis, analysis • Emil Fischer (late 19th, early 20th cent) • X-ray crystallography, 1940’s-50’s • D-sugars correctly guessed by Fischer • Crystallization of derivatives, melting points, rotation of plane polarized light • Thus “D” originally meant “dextrarotatory” and “L” meant “levorotatory”. Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  6. Analytical Methods • Wet chemical methods, colorimetry, etc. • Enzymology • Spectroscopy • Optical rotation (historical) • Mass spectrometry • NMR • X-ray Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  7. Diversity of structures, Information carrying potential • Laine, RA (1994) “A Calculation of all Possible Oligosaccharide Isomers, Both Branched and Linear Yields 1.05 x 1012 Structures for a Reducing Hexasaccharide: The Isomer Barrier to Development of Single-Method Saccharide Sequencing or Synthesis Systems” • Glycobiology 4:759-767. Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  8. InformationBiological roles of glycans, Bioactivity • Protein-glycan interactions, binding, recognition • Antibodies (ABO blood groups, etc.) • Lectins (special class of sugar-binding proteins) • Enzymes • Signalling, blood clotting (heparin) • Receptors (signals, microbial attachment) • Carbohydrate-carbohydrate binding • controversial Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  9. Glycans in Genetic Disorders and Disease • Transplantation antigens other than MHC’s • Blood transfusion studies of carbohydrates! • Diseases due to errors of metabolism • Mutated enzymes of biodegradation: • Mostly lysosomal storage diseases • Tay-sachs, Fabry’s, Hunters, Gauche’s • Mutated enzymes of biosynthesis: • HEMPAS, other blood disorders • Knock-out mouse studies of function Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  10. Microbial Adhesion and Virulence • Bacterial colonization receptors • Alpha-galactose e. coli receptor • Helicobacter pylorus • Cholera receptor • others • Virus receptors • Influenza (sialic acid) • Herpes (heparinoids) • Bacteriophage • others Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  11. Opportunities for Biotechnology Development-pharmaceuticals • Blood clotting control • Cancer (group B streptococci) • Antivirals (receptor inhibitors, rotavirus) • Cell growth controllers (heparinoids, others) • Anti-inflammatories (selectin inhibitors) • others Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  12. Opportunities for Biotechnology Development-Diagnostics • Bacterial diagnostics (recognition of cell surface carbohydrates) • Today - blood types, vaccines • Viral diagnostics (receptor-based) • Fungal diagnostics • http://www.lsu.edu/highlights/033/sin.html Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  13. glycobiology Student presentations: Powerpoint Preview of talk Present a paper with data Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

More Related