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Discover the journey of biotechnology from ancient Egypt to modern genetic advancements. Learn about fermentation, genetic discoveries, and biotech breakthroughs that shaped history.
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Fermentation • The conversion of carbohydrates to alcohols and carbon dioxide or organic acids using yeasts, bacteria, or a combination thereof, under anaerobic conditions
BIOTECHNOLOGY • Using scientific methods with organisms to produce new products or new forms of organisms • Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop micro-organisms for specific uses
BIOTECHNOLOGY THROUGH THE YEARS • 4000 BC in Egypt – Discovered the use of yeast to make bread rise and to prepare wine • 3000 BC in Peru – Started to improve the potato. It was larger and able to resist frost. • 1763 BC Sumerians – Invented the process of brewing beer
BIOTECHNOLOGY THROUGH THE YEARS • 1683, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek – Invented the microscope • 1861, Louis Pasteur – Invented the process of pasteurization • 1865, Gregor Mendel – Basic laws of genetics
BIOTECHNOLOGY THROUGH THE YEARS • 1879, William James Beal – World’s 1st hybrid corn by crossing white and yellow corn plants = yellowish white corn • 1982, Human Insulin – Produced by bacteria and the 1st product of biotech • 1987, Genetic Fingerprinting – A crime suspect in the UK was convicted on the evidence of genetic fingerprinting.
BIOTECHNOLOGY THROUGH THE YEARS • 1991, Tracey – The 1st transgenic animal, a sheep was born. It had human genes which enable her to produce human therapeutic proteins in her milk • 1994, FLAVRSAVR TM– A tomato with delayed ripening trait and higher solid was commercially released. • 1996, Dolly was born
BIOTECHNOLOGY THROUGH THE YEARS • 2004 – Increased number of countries planting genetically modified crops (herbicide tolerant soybeans and rapesees, Bt corn and Bt cotton). Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium (Bt) • 2005 – Many biotech products used for treating various diseases and help protect the environment and crops with better nutrition.
BIOTECHNOLOGY THROUGH THE YEARS • Anton van Leeuwenhoek – Discovered cells of Bacteria, Protists and Red blood • Gregor Johan Mendel – Discovered genetics • Walter Sutton – Discovered Chromosomes
BIOTECHNOLOGY THROUGH THE YEARS • Thomas Hunt Morgan – Discovered how genes are transmitted through chromosomes • Ernst Ruska – Invented the electron microscope • Sir Alexander Fleming – Discovered penicillin
BIOTECHNOLOGY THROUGH THE YEARS • Rosalind Elsie Franklin – Research led to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA • James Watson and Francis Crick – Discovered DNA • Mary-Claire King – Mapped human genes for research of cancer treatments • Ian Wilmut– Created the first true clone, the Dorset ewe Dolly
Assignment • What is a genetically modified organism? • Describe five GM animals and plants (food). • What are the benefits and harmful effects of these GMO’s (at least 3) ?
TEST ON MONDAY CANCER 10 Major Cancer deaths in the Phil BioTech Videos
