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PRESENTATION ON

PRESENTATION ON . MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER GROUP NO.1O. INTRODUCTION. DISEASE is any impairment that interferes with or modifies the performance of normal functions of animals including – responses to environmental factors, such as nutrition, toxicants and climatic infectious agents.

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PRESENTATION ON

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  1. PRESENTATION ON MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER GROUP NO.1O

  2. INTRODUCTION DISEASEis any impairment that interferes with or modifies the performance of normal functions of animals including – responses to environmental factors, such as nutrition, toxicants and climatic infectious agents

  3. Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) • Is a frequently fatal disease syndrome primarily of certain ruminant species, caused by one of several herpesviruses to which they are poorly adapted. • The disease is characterized by inflammation, ulceration, and exudation of the oral and upper respiratory mucous membranes, and sometimes eye lesions and nervous system disturbances.

  4. THE DISEASE/ PARASITE • Enzootic diseases- Diseases caused by endemic parasites

  5. Causative agent • AlcelaphineHerpesvirus 1 (AHV-1) is carried by wildebeest, hartebeests, and topi and is found primarily in the wild in Africa. • Ovine herpesvirus-2 (OHV-2 ) worldwide • Carried by domestic and wild sheep and goats • Major cause of MCF worldwide

  6. Mode of transmission • AlcelaphineHerpesvirus 1 (AHV-1) is transmitted by • Wildebeest calvesthrough • Contact with infected uterine discharges and aborted materials from wildebeest. • Contact with nasal and ocular secretions • Aerosols during close contact • Adult wildebeest • Cell-associated form • Rarely transmitted • Contamination of pastures may also contribute to transmission . • Virus in others animals is not excreted

  7. Clinical forms • Is the way you can easily seen the sign of the diseases by using necked eyes • Peracute form ( MCF) • sudden death can occur. • Difficult in breathing hence death in 1-3 days

  8. Clinical forms Cont.. Early Stages ; Head and Eye Form • Reddened eyelids • Bilateral corneal opacity • Crusty muzzle, nares • Nasal discharge • Salivation

  9. Clinical forms Cont.. • Later Stages; Head and Eye Form Erosions on the tongue Erosions on the buccal mucosa

  10. Post Mortem Lesions • Erosions on the tongue and soft and hard palate

  11. Post Mortem Lesions/wound Cont.. • Erosions and necrotic areas appear throughout the omasum and intestinal tract. • Multiple erosions of intestinal epithelium

  12. Post Mortem Lesions • Greatly enlarged lymph node compared to normal • Other cases may exhibit catarrhal accumulations are erosions, and a diptheritic membrane in the respiratory tract

  13. Post Mortem Lesions/wound Cont.. • Urinary bladder mucosa hyperemic and edematous • Kidney often has raised white foci on the cortex

  14. DIAGNOSIS • The disease is systemic and lesions can be found in any organ • Inflammation and necrosis of the respiratory, alimentary and urinary mucosa. Erosions occur from the esophagus to the rumen. Prominent lesions/wounds in the abomasum is common feature of MCF

  15. DIAGNOSIS Cont.. • Based on the clinical signs described, MCF should be suspected in susceptible animals if they have been exposed to sheep, goats, antelope or wildebeest, particularly around parturition. Animals that suddenly die or have a fever and erosions of the mucosa, nasal and lacrimal discharge, or bilateral corneal opacity should be tested for MCF.

  16. AFFECTED WILDLIFE SPECIES • Carrier species • Wildebeest, hartebeest, topi • Susceptible species • Bison, American moose, Sitatunga, giraffe, antelope, red and white-tailed deer, white-tailed & white-bearded gnu, greater kudu, are susceptible to MCF and can develop an infection. Water buffalo and farmed deer can also be affected but with much less mortality

  17. THREAT TO WILDLIFE • Mortality is100% for affected individuals • Population crash

  18. PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF MCF • Separate infected and carrier animals from susceptible species • Carriers: wildebeest, hartebeest and Topi • Keep cattle away, especially during parturition to limit the spread of infection. • Zoological parks • Introduce seronegative animals only • No vaccine available for MCF, but experimental evidence in cattle has shown some protection from challenge immunization.

  19. CONCLUSION • MCF has not been documented to cause disease in humans. As the exact transmission of OHV-2 remains unknown, persons assisting in lambing should take precautions not to contaminate cattle areas. This virus is quickly inactivated by sunlight, which helps decrease the chance of fomite spread.

  20. REFFERENCE • INTRODUCTION TO WILDLIFE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 1999 ( ATRAINING MANUAL FOR TANAPA FILED STUFF) • Bickett.D (DWM), Spickler.R.A (DVM,PHD) & Davis.R (DVM,MPH,DACVPM); (2011) Malignant Catarrhal Fever Presentation. Iowa State University • INTERNET.

  21. GROUP MEMBERS • LEKORE LEMEBUKO • BAISI GODFREY • FRANCIS PETER • DAVID MSUYA • JOSEPH D.GREYGRORY • ABRAHAM C.LENGAI • ROBERT MUSHI • JOSEPHAT L. MWANDANDILA

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