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Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny. America Claims a Continent. US and Texas Annexation. First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First President – 1836 – 1838 Conservative – expected statehood and his administration reflected that expectation Mirabeau B. Lamar

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Manifest Destiny

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  1. Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent

  2. US and Texas Annexation First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First President – 1836 – 1838 Conservative – expected statehood and his administration reflected that expectation Mirabeau B. Lamar Second President: 1838 – 1841 Responded to Annexation rejection by preparing Texas as a western rival to the US – vigorously asserted Texas ___________ westward and on the high seas Received recognition as a sovereign state by Britain, France, Belgium and The Netherlands Exponentially increased the debt of the Republic

  3. Republic of Texas - 1846

  4. US and Texas Annexation1837 - 1839 • 03 March 1837 – US recognizes Texas independence, the last act of Jackson as president • 11 March 1837 – Santa Anna, home in Mexico, renounces all guarantees made to the Republic of Texas as a condition to his restoration of freedom. • 27 March 1837 – U.S. Secretary of State reports that treaty agreements with Mexico prohibit the U.S.'s annexing Texas. • 1838 June/July – John Quincy Adams speaks against the annexation of Texas all morning, every morning in the U.S. House of Representatives. • 12 October 1838 – Texas withdraws the offer of annexation because of the U.S. Congress' lack of action on the proposal. • 23 January 1839 – Texas Congress passes joint resolution approving of President Sam Houston's withdrawal of annexation proposal.

  5. US and Texas Annexation1844 – 1845 • January 1844 – President Houston submits annexation question to Texas Congress, then instructs minister to the U.S. to resume annexation talks. • 11 April 1844 – An annexation treaty between the U.S. and Texas signed between the two diplomats. • 08 June 1844 – U.S. Senate rejects the treaty (35 to 16). • 25 January 1845 – Joint Resolution to annex Texas passes the U.S. House of Representatives. • 27 February 1845 – Joint Resolution, with amendments to be voted on by the house, passes U.S. Senate (27 to 25). • 28 February 1845 – House adopts senate version of the joint resolution to annex the Republic of Texas (132 to 76). • 01 March 1845 – President Polk signs annexation resolution. • 03 March 1845 – Annexation offer sent to Texas president Anson Jones.

  6. Texas and Annexation1845 • MAY 19 – Cuevas-Smith treaty between Mexico and Texas signed guaranteeing Texas independence so long as it remains a separate republic. • JUNE 16 – Texas Congress meets in special session to consider both the proposed Mexican treaty and the annexation resolution from the U.S. Congress. U.S. offer accepted. • JULY 4 – Convention meets to consider both the Mexican treaty and the U.S. annexation resolution. U.S. offer accepted by Convention. • OCTOBER 13 – Annexation ordinance and state constitution submitted to the Texas voters for approval. (The vote tally on November 10, 1845, was 4,254 to 267 in favor of annexation; the total vote, compiled January 1, 1846, was 7,664 to 430 in favor of annexation.) • DECEMBER 16 – U.S. House votes to annex Texas by Joint Resolution (141 to 58--21 abstaining). • DECEMBER 22 – U.S. Senates approves joint resolution for the admission of Texas as a state (31 to 14, 7 abstaining). • DECEMBER 29 – President signs the Joint Resolution. “Texas officially the 28th state on this date.

  7. Disputed Boundaries: Mexico & Texas 19 February 1846 – Texas President Anson Jones declares “The Republic of Texas is no more.” The transfer of government is completed when Governor J. Pinckney Henderson takes the oath of office. The United States agreed to maintain the boundaries set by the Texas congress in late 1836 at the Rio Grande.

  8. Mexican-American War1845 - 1846

  9. Mexican-American War1847 - 1848

  10. Mexican American War

  11. Polk’s Generals <= Zachary Taylor “Old Rough & Ready” Winfield Scott => “Old Fuss & Feathers”

  12. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico: Gave up claims to Texas Ceded Nm & CA to U.S. • United States: • Paid Mexico $15 million • Assumed $3.25 million in claims against Mexico

  13. The Mexican Cession Land taken from Mexico formed: New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada California Parts of: Texas Wyoming Colorado

  14. The War’s Legacies Completed nation’s __________ __________ with the exception of the Gadsden Purchase Expanded scope of __________ __________ Made war heroes of Scott & Taylor (both had political ambitions) Fostered an initial burst of __________ _________ On calmer reflection, seen as a war of __________ Provoked a violent debate about expansion of slavery into __________ __________

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