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Exploring Taxonomy: Grouping and Classifying Organisms

Learn about the science of taxonomy, its history from Aristotle to Linnaeus, classification hierarchies, and additional criteria like cell structure, fossils, embryos, biochemistry, and behavior. Engage in dichotomous key activities and test your knowledge on nomenclature, kingdoms, and species.

nathaniel-glenn
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Exploring Taxonomy: Grouping and Classifying Organisms

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  1. Classification Taxonomy-the science of grouping or classifying organisms

  2. History • Aristotle • the 1st taxonomist • Greek philosopher 2400 years ago • used 2 major groups: plants and animals • broke animals into 3 groups: air, water, or land dwellers

  3. Carolus Linnaeus • Founder of modern taxonomy • 1700’s • Developed binomial nomenclature based on structural simularities

  4. Today • Common name=dog • Scientific name=Canis familiaris

  5. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species King Philip called out for green salad Linnaeus’s 7 hierarchal categories

  6. Besides structural simularities… • …there are other pieces of information we can use to classify organisms.

  7. 1. Cell structure • Is the organism made of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells?

  8. 2. Fossil information • Organisms that existed years ago have similarities of those existing today.

  9. 3. Embryo studies • Similarities in embryological development often lead to similar groupings in taxonomy.

  10. 4. Biochemical similarities • DNA!

  11. 5. Behavioral characteristics • Apes and humans belong to the same family.

  12. Dichotomous key activity

  13. Ch 7 questions • 1) What is the name of the scientist who developed our current system of nomenclature? • 2) Define: taxonomy, binomial nomenclature, eukaryotic, prokaryotic, autotrophic, heterotrophic, taxonomic key, dichotomous • 3) List the 6 kingdoms. • 4) Make a chart that lists: a) each kingdom b) prokaryotic or eukaryotic c) autotrophic or heterotrophic d) unicellular or multicellular e) examples for each • 5) What is the modern definition of species?

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