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Chapter 11

Chapter 11. The Late Middle Ages: Three major Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century (1300’s). p. 306. A Time of Troubles: Social Crisis and Black Death. “Little Ice Age” Late 1200’s & early 1300’s) Shortened growing seasons Strange weather patterns

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Chapter 11

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  1. Chapter 11 The Late Middle Ages: Three major Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century (1300’s)

  2. p. 306

  3. A Time of Troubles: Social Crisis and Black Death • “Little Ice Age” Late 1200’s & early 1300’s) • Shortened growing seasons • Strange weather patterns • The Great Famine (1315 – 1317) • Hunger & starvation • Rural populations move to growing urban cities • People a unhealthy (susceptible to disease) • Why are these factors important?

  4. #1 The Black Death • Most devastating natural disaster in European History • Bubonic Plague • Rats have fleas that carry Yersinia Pestis • Originated in Asia • Arrived in Europe in 1347 • Explain how? • Mortality reached 50 – 60 percent in some areas and wiped out between 25 – 50 percent of European population (19 – 38 million dead in only four years) • What were some factors? • Plague returns in 1361 – 1362 and 1369 but the death tolls are much lower.

  5. Map 11-1, p. 310

  6. p. 308

  7. Life and Death: Reactions to the Plague: • Plague seen as a punishment from God • Why did they think that? • The flagellants • Who were they? • Violent Attacks against Jews • What were they accused of doing? • What impact did this have on the Catholic Church?

  8. p. 311

  9. Economic Dislocation and Social Upheaval • Labor Shortage + Falling prices for agricultural products = Drop in aristocratic incomes • Statute of Laborers (1351) : Limit Wages • Peasant Revolts • Jacquerie in France (1358) • English Peasants’ Revolt (1381) • Revolts in the Cities • Ciompi Revolt in Florence (1378) • How successful were these revolts in achieving their goals in the long run?

  10. p. 313

  11. Chart 11-1, p. 315

  12. #2 War and Political Instability • The Hundred Years’ War • French Attack on English Gascony (1337) • Edward III of England claims French Crown • Differences in the armies (cross bows vs long bows) • Battle of Crecy (1346) • Henry V (1413 – 1422) • Battle of Agincourt (1415) • Charles the Dauphin (heir to the French throne) • Joan of Arc (1412 – 1431) • Siege of Orleans • Captured by allies of the English in 1430 • Burned at the Stake (1431) • Gunpowder (canon) • War Ends with French victory (1453)

  13. p. 316

  14. Map 11-2, p. 318

  15. p. 319

  16. Chronology, p. 319

  17. Political Instability • Breakdown of Feudal Institutions • New Royal Dynasties in France & England • Financial Problems • Parliament in England gains some power but the General Estates in France remains fairly weak

  18. p. 320

  19. Western Europe: England and France • England: Edward III (1327 – 1377) • Parliament • House of Lords • House of Commons • England: War of the Roses • France: Charles VI (1380 – 1422) • France: Civil War • Burgundy and Orleans

  20. Germany & Italy • The German Monarchy • Breaking up of the Holy Roman Empire • Hundreds of German States • The States of Italy • Lack of centralized authority • Republicanism to Tyranny • Development of regional states • Milan • Florence • Venice

  21. p. 323

  22. p. 325

  23. #3 The Decline of the Church • Boniface VIII (Pope)and the Conflict with the State of France • Boniface VIII (1294 – 1303) • Conflict with Philip the Fair of France---Over what issue? • Unam Sanctam (1302)—What did it claim? • Captured by French at Anagni but rescued by the Italians—What was the outcome? • Clement V • The Papacy at Avignon (1305 – 1378) • Stay at Avignon leads to a decline in papal prestige • Church seen as a captive of the French monarchy • New Sources of revenue • Catherine of Siena (c. 1347 – 1380)

  24. p. 327

  25. The Great Schism • Papacy returns to Rome in 1378 • Rival Popes elected • Pope Urban VI • Pope Clement VII • The Great Schism divides Europe • Council of Pisa (1409) • Deposed both popes and elected a new pope • Popes refuse to step down, which results in in three popes as the other two refuse to step down • Council of Constance (1414 – 1418) • End of the Schism • Pope Martin V (1417 – 1431) • In what way does

  26. Chronology, p. 328

  27. Culture and Society in an Age of Adversity • The Developments of Vernacular Literature • Dante Alighieri (1265 – 1321) • The Divine Comedy (1313 – 1321) • Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1340 – 1400) • The Canterbury Tales • Christine de Pizan (c. 1364 – 1400) • The Book of the City of Ladies (1404) • Art and the Black Death • Giotto (1266 – 1337)

  28. p. 332

  29. p. 333

  30. p. 333

  31. p. 337

  32. Timeline, p. 338

  33. Discussion Questions • What impact did the Black Death have on medieval European Society and Economics? • What were the causes of the Hundred Years’ War? What was the result of the war? • Who was Joan of Arc and what role did she play in the Hundred Years’ War? • Why did the stay at Avignon lead to a decline in papal prestige? • How was the Great Schism finally ended? • How did Dante and Christine de Pisan reflect the values of their respective societies?

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