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Combustion

Combustion. The burning reaction… or reacting something with oxygen gas. Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. Know your NAMING rules!!!!!! Example: A sample of propane is burned in air. C₃H₈ + 5O₂  3CO ₂ + 4H₂O. Naming Rules. Meth 1 Oct 8

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Combustion

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  1. Combustion The burning reaction… or reacting something with oxygen gas

  2. Hydrocarbons • Hydrocarbons combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. • Know your NAMING rules!!!!!! • Example: • A sample of propane is burned in air. • C₃H₈ + 5O₂  3CO₂ + 4H₂O

  3. Naming Rules • Meth 1 Oct 8 • Eth 2 Non 9 • Prop 3 Dec 10 • But 4 All single bonds -ane • Pent 5 Double bonds -ene • Hex 6 Triple bonds -yne • Hept 7

  4. Burning Metals • When metals are burned (in the presence of oxygen) the result is a metal oxide. • Example • Lithium metal is burned in air • 4Li + O₂  2Li₂O

  5. Synthesis Elements or compounds come together to make a single product.

  6. A metal combine with a nonmetal to form a salt. • Example • A piece of lithium metal is dropped into a container of nitrogen gas • 6Li + N₂  2Li₃N

  7. A metal oxide combines with carbon dioxide to form a metallic carbonate. • Example: Solid sodium oxide is added to a container of carbon dioxide • Na₂O + CO₂  Na₂CO₃ • A metal oxide combines with sulfur dioxide to form a metallic sulfite. • Example: solid sodium oxide is added to a container of sulfur dioxide. • Na₂O + SO₂  Na₂SO₃

  8. Metallic oxides and water form bases (metallic hydroxides) • Example: solid sodium oxide is added to water • Na₂O + H₂O  Na⁺ + OH⁻ • Nonmetallic oxides and water form acids. Nonmetal retains oxidation number • Example: carbon dioxide is bubbled into water • CO₂ + H₂O  H₂CO₃

  9. Decomposition A single substance breaking into parts

  10. Verbs to watch for… • Electrolyzed, decomposes, or breaks down • A compound may simply break down into two elements. • Example: Molten sodium chloride is electrolyzed • 2NaCl  2Na + Cl₂ • Metallic carbonates decompose into metallic oxides and carbon dioxide

  11. More General RXNs • Metallic chlorates decompose into metallic chlorides and oxygen. • Ammonium carbonate decomposes into ammonia, water, and carbon dioxide. • Sulfurous acid decomposes into sulfur dioxide and water. (this you should remember) • Carbonic acid decomposes into carbon dioxide and water. (this you should remember)

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