Information Management in the PLM (focus on end of life)

1. Information Management in the PLM (focus on end of life) 2005. 11. 25 Noh, Hyun-il

2. Contents • Introduction • Papers • Conclusion • Discussion

3. Introduction • Extending the scope of the Point of Sale (POS) • * POS : point of sale

4. Introduction • What is End-of-Life (EOL) Management ? “Those activities required to retire a product after the user discard it after its useful life” • Reverse Logistics or End-of-Life Management ?

5. The Role of Product Identity in End-of-Life Decision Making Ajith Kumar Parlikad, Duncan McFarlane, Elgar Fleisch, Sandra Gross AUTO-ID CENTRE, 2003, WHITE PAPER

6. Contents • Motive • End of Life Management of Products • Information requirements for End of Life Decision Making • Existing Lifecycle Information Systems • Toward Auto – ID Based Lifecycle Information Management Systems • Conclusion

7. Motive for lifecycle management • Environmental consideration • WEEE 2006. 1 (Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment) • EUROPE, JAPAN, USA • More effective reverse logistics • Return related costs for U.S companies $35 billion(0.5% of GDP, 1997) • New marketing opportunities • Customer awareness creates “Green marketing” • PROMISE Proposal (http://www.ims.org/projects/projects_info/promise.htlm) • CARE Electronics (http://www.care-electronics.net) • RevLog, the European working group for reverse logistics (http://www.fbk.eur.nl/OZ/REVLOG/)

8. End of Life Management of Products • Repair and reuse • The quality of the repaired products could be less than of the new product • Refurbishing • Inspection and replacement of broken modules • Remanufacturing • bring used products to quality standard as new product • Cannibalisation • recover a relatively small number of reusable parts and modules from the used products • Recycling • Reuse materials from used products and parts Disposal is energy recovery by means of incineration !!

9. End of Life Management of Products • Product Lifecycle ( The extended supply chain ) • Product Recovery Scenario

10. End of Life Management of Products • Information Loss in EOL • When the product reaches its end-of-life, little information is available • Lack of information systems infrastructure was one of largest barriers reverse logistics executives face. [Roger and Tibben-Lembke]

11. End of Life Management of Products • Problem • Difficulties in product identification – leads to inefficient sorting and recovery decisions. • Insufficient material composition information available to recycler makes it difficult to dispose according to legal requirements • Insufficient disassembly information - leads to inefficient manual disassembly. • Inaccurate estimate of residual life and value of components – leads to disposal of re-usable components, which represents loss of potential revenues. High personnel costs such as manual sorting, disassembly etc. • Non profitable in the long run !!

12. Information Requirements for EOL Decision Making • Internal Information • Design Information • Reliability Information • Disassembly Information • Production Information • Location Information • Lifecycle Information • External Information • Legislative Information • Market Information • Process Information • Corporate Policies

13. Information Requirements for EOL Decision Making • Product Information * MTBF: Mean Time Between Failure MTTR: Mean Time To Repair

14. Information Requirements for EOL Decision Making

15. Information Requirements for EOL Decision Making

16. Information Requirements for EOL Decision Making • Lifecycle Information Systems (LIS) are designed to support management of data associated with products throughout their lifecycle. • Requirements of LIS • Ability to identify products uniquelyat the item level • Ability to provide relevant identity information • Ability to update product information throughout its lifecycle • Ability tocommunicate product information to necessary supply chain partners • Ability to provide process instructions. • Ability to provide decision support

17. Existing Lifecycle Information Systems • These systems can be divided into two systems • Design/disassembly data sharing systems • Lifecycle information monitoring systems • Design/disassembly data sharing systems • Manufacturers share product level design data with the recyclers. • They provide disassembly instructions to recycles as set down at the design stage of the product. • Recyclers and other authorised supply chain partners are able to access this information through the internet.

18. Existing Lifecycle Information Systems • Lifecycle Information Monitoring Systems • Enable unique identification of products at item level • Provide design and disassembly information as set down the design of the lifecycle. • Monitor and records important performance parameters of components through the lifecycle and stores this information within the product. • Recyclers are provided access to the dynamic information stored with the product and also linked to the ‘static information’ stored by the manufacturers through the Internet

19. Existing Lifecycle Information Systems • Shortcoming of Existing Systems

20. Role of Auto – ID(RFID) EPC Code RFID Toaster Reader Internet Production Information • Auto – ID Technology (RFID Technology) Bridge between information network and material flows !! • A unique product identity described by an EPC (Electronic Product Code) • A Name Server that direct queries to information linked to an EPC

21. Role of Auto – ID(RFID) • Auto – ID provides : • A standard method of collecting, storing and communicating information regarding products at unique item level throughout its lifecycle. • The ability to retrieve this information in a standardized format • Cheap systems enabling its use in ubiquitous products

22. Role of Auto – ID(RFID) • Auto-ID enable product Information Model

23. Conclusion • Advantages • Better informed EOL decisions. • Flexibility to adapt according to requirements imposed by different products. • Facilitates automation of product recovery processes resulting in higher cost-efficiency • Feedback on lifecycle performance Hi! I’m Mike Toaster. I’m one year old and have Been used very little. So please Don’t throw me away!!

24. Research • Research on existing Product Information Models and ways to integrate them. • Develop cost-benefit models for different product categories. • Investigate implementation issues related to lifecycle information management ( privacy, security, etc.)

25. Discussion • RFID technology 가 진보함에 따라 이런 model들에 어떠한 영향을 줄 것인가와 영향을 미친다면 이런 model들이 의미가 있는가? • 이 논문에서 제시하는 model은 rfid tech.를 product 의 id 식별에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 그러므로 기술진보에 따른 model 의 변화는 영향을 받지 않으리라 생각함. • 위에서 제시한 model 중 product의 history data의 update를 a/s 등에 의존하고 있다면 rfid가 아닌 바코드 기술을 이용해도 크게 문제가 없지 않는가? • 위에서 제시한 model은 SCM 및 ERP system의 model 중 제품의 end of life 를 구체적으로 제시하고 있다. Rfid는 제품의 제조 및 supply chain 상의 모든 process에 연동된다는 가정하에 model을 제시한 것이다. 하지만 현재 end of life management 에 대한 solution 들이 부족한 부분이 많기 때문에, 현존하는 model들을 통합하고자 하는 것이다. 그렇기 때문에 rfid 기술의 이용은 end of life management에서 critical한 요소이다.