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Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Update 2005. Oslo Accords, 1993. between Israel and the PLO treaty included: mutual recognition limited self-rule for Palestinians in Jericho and Gaza. provisions for a permanent treaty that would resolve the status of Gaza and the West Bank.

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Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

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  1. Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Update 2005

  2. Oslo Accords, 1993 • between Israel and the PLO • treaty included: • mutual recognition • limited self-rule for Palestinians in Jericho and Gaza • provisions for a permanent treaty that would resolve the status of Gaza and the West Bank. • agreement was sealed by a historic handshake between Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.

  3. Hebron Massacre, 1994 • an extremist Jewish settler killed 39 Palestinians as they prayed in a West Bank mosque. • Israel withdrew in May from Jericho on the West Bank and from Gaza. • Arafat entered Gaza and swore in members of the Palestinian Authority, which took control of education and culture, social welfare, tourism, health and taxation

  4. Rabin Assassination, 1995 • Rabin and Peres signed an agreement expanding Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and giving the Palestinian Authority control over six large West Bank towns • Rabin was assassinated at a peace rally two months later by an Israeli law student with connections to right-wing extremists

  5. Palestinian/Israeli Elections, 1996 • first-ever elections held by Palestinians • Arafat was the overwhelming choice as president of the Palestinian Authority • Israel, a massive bus bomb set off by Islamic extremists killed 25 and wounded dozens • Hard-line Likud Party leader Benjamin Netanyahu defeated Peres in a close race. • Netanyahu and Arafat pledged to work toward a final peace treaty • later that year, Israeli gov’t to end a freeze on construction in the occupied territories • Clashes continued

  6. Handover of Housing and Hamas, 1997 • Hebron (West Bank) returned to Palestinian control after 30 years • Netanyahu (Israeli PM) approved a large new Jewish housing project in eastern Jerusalem • New violence broke out--suicide bombs in an outdoor market in Jerusalem that killed 15 and wounded 170. • An extremist Palestinian group called Hamas claimed responsibility, and the Israeli Cabinet insisted the peace talks would continue only when the terrorism stopped.

  7. Wye River Accords, 1998 • yearlong stalemate, marathon 21-hour session, mediated Clinton • Netanyahu and Arafat signed a land-for-peace deal • crackdown on terrorists • redeployment of Israeli troops • transfer of 14.2 percent of the West Bank land to Palestinian control • safe passage corridors for Palestinians between Gaza and the West Bank • the release of 750 Palestinians from Israeli prisons

  8. Barak by a Landslide, 1999 • Moderate Labor candidate Ehud Barak unseated Netanyahu in the May prime minister election • winning by a record margin • Israel released 200 Palestinian prisoners and began transferring West Bank land to Palestinian control as part of the terms of the Wye accords.

  9. Impasse, more fighting, 2000 • Clinton moderated a summit between Barak and Arafat at Camp David as the September 13 deadline for a final peace accord approached. • The talks ended after 15 days with no agreement. • Arafat rejected Barak's offer for control of most, but not all, the territory Israel occupied in the 1967 Six-Day War.

  10. Israeli right-wing opposition leader Ariel Sharon led a delegation to a Jerusalem site that Jews and Muslims consider sacred. • Crowds of Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank began attacking Israeli security forces after the controversial visit. • Barak's support eroded, and he resigned in December, calling for a special prime minister election to be held in February 2001.

  11. Sharon’s victory; renewed violence After months of stepped-up violence between Palestinians and Israelis, Likud Party leader Ariel Sharon defeated Ehud Barak by a landslide in Israel's February 6 special election for prime minister.

  12. The September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States sparked a renewed interest in the Mideast peace process • But violence erupted again in December after explosions in Jerusalem and the northern Israeli port city of Haifa, which killed at least 25 Israelis and three suicide bombers. • The attacks led to major Israeli military strikes against Palestinian targets in the West Bank and Gaza, and a new round of violence started, stalling the peace process once more.

  13. Violence intensifies, 2002 • The situation in the Mideast worsened: • constant barrage of suicide bombings and Israeli military actions. • Israeli forces invaded Palestinian refugee camps to flush out what Israelis say are militants • multiple suicide bombings were carried out by Hamas, Islamic Jihad and the Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, a military offshoot of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat's Fatah movement.

  14. The conflict raged despite a series of diplomatic efforts: • Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah put forth a peace plan in which Arab states would recognize Israel's right to exist in exchange for its return to pre-1967 borders • The U.S., E.U., U.N. and Russia later submitted a three-phase plan calling for a Palestinian state and conclusive peace accord by 2005 • But Israeli and Palestinian officials failed to reach any major agreements.

  15. Road Map to peace…2003 • The second intifada continued with Palestinian suicide bombings taking place in Tel Aviv and Haifa. • Israel retaliated against what it said are known Palestinian terrorists and the homes of suicide bombers. • Israelis returned incumbent prime minister Ariel Sharon to power in a January general election. • The main opposition Labor party saw its public support collapse, after its leader campaigned on a plan to withdraw Jewish settlers and Israeli soldiers from Gaza and to resume negotiations with the Palestinians, including Yasser Arafat.

  16. Abbas as Prime Minister • Arafat, under international pressure, instituted a constitutional reform for the Palestinian Authority • transferred some of his powers to the newly created post of prime minister. • Mahmoud Abbas elected to that position

  17. Reforms that didn’t work • Abbas resigned as Prime Minister after 3 or 4 months because he felt helpless as Prime Minister. He did not feel that enough power was transferred to his authority • Ahmed Qurie replaced him as Prime Minister until Arafat’s death and the subsequent election.

  18. Events of 2005… Coming soon from a project near you…

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