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Palestinian-Israeli Conflict. The Founding of Israel. In the late 1800’s Jews in Europe sought to create a homeland for the Jewish people. Jews were subjected to second class status, violence, murder/genocide for centuries.
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The Founding of Israel • In the late 1800’s Jews in Europe sought to create a homeland for the Jewish people. • Jews were subjected to second class status, violence, murder/genocide for centuries. • A movement called ZIONISM was created to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine(Present day Israel). • Palestine(present day Israel) was the logical choice because it had biblical/historical significance to the Jewish people
WWII • Palestine was controlled by the British under the mandate system. • Jews began heavily immigrating to Palestine. • 6 Million Jews died in the Holocaust just because they were Jewish. • Thousands of Jewish Refugees sought to settle in Israel. • Jews were determined to create a Jewish country in Palestine.
What about the Palestinian People? • Palestinians had lived on the land for centuries. • They opposed the arrival of Jewish immigrants. • Fighting broke out between the Jews, the Palestinians and the British, who were administering the mandate. • Britain decides to withdraw from Palestine. • The U.N. was put in charge of deciding the outcome of Palestine.
Partition of Palestine • The UN decided that Palestine should be divided into two countries: Palestine(Arab) and Israel(Jew). • The Jews accepted the plan, while the Palestinians rejected the plan. • Jews announce Israel’s independence in 1948. • Israel occupied the land set aside by the UN.
WAR: 1948 • As Israel declared it’s independence it was attacked in an attempt to be destroyed by : Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Iraq and Lebanon. • Israel defeated the Arab attackers. • Israel annexed or attached the land it conquered during this war. • Jordan occupied the West Bank and Egypt occupied the Gaza Strip.
Palestinian Refugees • More than 500,000 Palestinians became refugees as a result of the 1948 war, as they fled the violence. • Many fled at the request of neighboring Arab states, fighting Israel on their behalf. • Many settled into camps in neighboring Arab countries. • These camps became permanent homes. • Palestinians believe they have a right to return to their homes.
But the conflict continued… • 3 major wars. • 1956: Israel, France and Great Britain attacked Egypt after Nasser(leader of Egypt) nationalized the Suez Canal. • 1967 Six Day War: Israel miraculously won, gaining a lot of new land-West Bank, Gaza and Golan Heights. • 1973 Yom Kippur War: Syria and Egypt surprise attacked Israel but were unsuccessful.
The PLO • The P.L.O-Palestinian Liberation Organization, was created to set up a Palestinian state and was led by Yassir Arafat. • The P.L.O. used guerilla terrorist tactics on Israelis . • They sought to physically destroy Israel and return the land to the Palestinians. • They hijacked planes, took hostages, staged bombings.
The Intifada • By 1987, the Palestinians began an uprising. • Years of living in occupied territories caused frustration among the population. • Palestinians attacked soldiers, and civilians. • Israel, and the Palestinian leaders, were caught by surprise. • Ultimately, the uprising forced both sides to look for ways to end the violence and bring about peace.
Peace Process • Israel signed peace agreements with Egypt(1977) and Jordan(1995). • The P.L.O and Israel finally sat down to talk about peace, signing the Oslo Accords. • This gave Palestinians limited rule over themselves. • “Land for Peace” is the general idea behind the peace negotiations. • By 2000 violence broke out again between the Israelis and Palestinians.
